中华医史杂志
中華醫史雜誌
중화의사잡지
Chinese Journal of Medical History
2015年
4期
221-228
,共8页
师约%师徒传习%中药业%昆明
師約%師徒傳習%中藥業%昆明
사약%사도전습%중약업%곤명
Indenture%Apprentice education%Chinese professional pharmaceutical%Kun-ming
清朝末期昆明药材行帮出现后,作为行规的“投师文约”也开始出现,标志着昆明中药业师徒教育的契约化和制度化。“投师文约”的实施,由药材行帮及其同业公会组织。昆明中药业的师徒传习具有扩大了人才来源、契合药工熟识农业生产的实际经验、符合中药制造人力操作的条件、符合中药技艺口传心授的特点和规律、医药一体、非政府组织等特点。昆明中药业的师徒传习,培养了一批中医药人才,推动了手工作坊向工业化的转变,催化了专门制售成药的店铺从药材与成药兼营中的分离,形成的有效的师承制度,对后世有着深远的影响。
清朝末期昆明藥材行幫齣現後,作為行規的“投師文約”也開始齣現,標誌著昆明中藥業師徒教育的契約化和製度化。“投師文約”的實施,由藥材行幫及其同業公會組織。昆明中藥業的師徒傳習具有擴大瞭人纔來源、契閤藥工熟識農業生產的實際經驗、符閤中藥製造人力操作的條件、符閤中藥技藝口傳心授的特點和規律、醫藥一體、非政府組織等特點。昆明中藥業的師徒傳習,培養瞭一批中醫藥人纔,推動瞭手工作坊嚮工業化的轉變,催化瞭專門製售成藥的店鋪從藥材與成藥兼營中的分離,形成的有效的師承製度,對後世有著深遠的影響。
청조말기곤명약재행방출현후,작위행규적“투사문약”야개시출현,표지착곤명중약업사도교육적계약화화제도화。“투사문약”적실시,유약재행방급기동업공회조직。곤명중약업적사도전습구유확대료인재래원、계합약공숙식농업생산적실제경험、부합중약제조인력조작적조건、부합중약기예구전심수적특점화규률、의약일체、비정부조직등특점。곤명중약업적사도전습,배양료일비중의약인재,추동료수공작방향공업화적전변,최화료전문제수성약적점포종약재여성약겸영중적분리,형성적유효적사승제도,대후세유착심원적영향。
In the late Qing Dynasty, following the appearance of the Chinese medicinal materials industry trade association of Kunming, the“master agreement” as a professional regulation, also implemen-ted, marking the beginning of the contractualization and institutionalization of apprentice education in Yun-nan. The contents and implementation of the “master agreement” was organized by the Chinese medicinal materials industry trade association of Kunming and its craft union. The apprentice education in Kunming traditional Chinese medicinal industry has the following characteristics:expanding the source of talent; ad-epting at agricultural production of the accorded apprentice;conforming to the conditions of human manipu-lation of Chinese traditional medicine;being in line with the characteristics and rules of Chinese medicine skills taught by oral narration and tacit understanding; unity of the medical and pharmaceutical profession-als;and non-governmental organization. Apprentice training had trained a number of medical talents, and promoted the transformation of manual workshop to industrialization in Kunming. Apprentice education had catalyzed the establishment of specialized shops selling patent medicines exclusively to separated from those running both crude drugs and patent medicines, to form a set of effective teaching system, thus exerting pro-found influence on later generations.