CAJ | 학술논문

采用生态学方法,观察分析了人工育苗条件下棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus,♂)杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性和生长特性。结果表明,在水温29~30℃,盐度为29~30时,其杂交F1仔鱼3天开口摄食,开口饵料为ss型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),随后饵料系列为L型褶皱臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体(Artemia salina)、卤虫(Artemia)和配合饵料；6日龄仔鱼的摄食率为92.31%,7~9日龄以后仔鱼的饱食率大都达到90%~100%；随着仔稚幼鱼的生长发育,其饱食时间逐渐缩短,消化时间逐渐增加。杂交F1仔稚鱼的摄食高峰都出现在白天,仔稚鱼夜间几乎不摄食,属白天摄食型。此外,仔、稚、幼鱼纯体重(W)与摄食量(Y)的关系为 Y=0.2078W–3.3738,全长(L)与日龄(X)的关系为 L=2.3159e0.0595X,纯体重(W)与日龄(X)的关系为W=0.0748e0.2021X,全长(L)与纯体重(W)的关系为W=0.0045L3.3775,口裂宽(Y)与日龄(X)的关系为Y=1.9687e0.0605X。由此可知杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的生长属于均匀生长型。
채용생태학방법,관찰분석료인공육묘조건하종점석반어(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)×안대석반어(Epinephelus lanceolatus,♂)잡교F1자、치、유어적섭식습성화생장특성。결과표명,재수온29~30℃,염도위29~30시,기잡교F1자어3천개구섭식,개구이료위ss형습추비미륜충(Brachionus plicatilis),수후이료계렬위L형습추비미륜충、서충무절유체(Artemia salina)、서충(Artemia)화배합이료；6일령자어적섭식솔위92.31%,7~9일령이후자어적포식솔대도체도90%~100%；수착자치유어적생장발육,기포식시간축점축단,소화시간축점증가。잡교F1자치어적섭식고봉도출현재백천,자치어야간궤호불섭식,속백천섭식형。차외,자、치、유어순체중(W)여섭식량(Y)적관계위 Y=0.2078W–3.3738,전장(L)여일령(X)적관계위 L=2.3159e0.0595X,순체중(W)여일령(X)적관계위W=0.0748e0.2021X,전장(L)여순체중(W)적관계위W=0.0045L3.3775,구렬관(Y)여일령(X)적관계위Y=1.9687e0.0605X。유차가지잡교F1자、치、유어적생장속우균균생장형。
Nutrition is an important factor that restricts the normal growth of fish fry. In the nutrition transition period or feeding conversion process, it is crucial that the larval, juvenile, and young fish have access to adequate nutrition. Groupers are ferocious, carnivorous marine fish;if food supply is not sufficient, they feed on their own larvae and juveniles, and breeding efforts undergo substantial loss. In this research, we studied the feeding habits and growth characteristics of larval, juvenile, and young fish of the F1 generation of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀) × E. lanceolatus (♂) cross using artificial ecological methods. The larvae were fed when their mouths opened, and samples selected from the breeding pool every afternoon after the larvae were fed. We sampled every day before the larvae were 10 days old;then, we sampled every 2 days. Each sample consisted of about 15 fish. All samples were used to test how much the fish ate. Other indexes were tested with other samples, the number of samples ranged from 10 to 100. After sampling, we observed morphological characteristics of the fish fry using a dissect-ing microscope, dissected the digestive tract under the dissecting microscope, and recorded amount of bait that had been consumed. The results showed that:(1) the larval grouper started feeding 3 days after hatching when the wa-ter temperature was approximately 29–30°C and the salinity was approximately 29–30. The fish fry’s first bait was the ss type rotifer, followed by the L type rotifer, brine shrimp, and compound feed. The 3-day-old larvae were very weak, with a feeding rate of 32% and repletion rate of 25%. The 5-day-old larvae were more dynamic than the 3-day-old larvae, with a feeding rate of 81.82%and repletion rate of 36.36%. The feeding rate was above 90%when the larvae were older than 7 days old, and the repletion rate was above 90%when the larvae were older than 9 days old. (2) With growth and development of fish fry, the average feeding amount changed. The larvae required 2 h 30 min to achieve satiation at 10 days old, and digestion took 1 h 45 min. The juveniles required 35 min to achieve satiation at 34 days old, and digestion took 3 h 20 min. Young fish required 30 min to achieve satiation and 10 h 25 min for digestion at 48 days old. (3) The correlations between net weight (W) and feeding amount (Y) was expressed as Y=0.2078W?3.3738; average length (L) and days after hatching (X) was expressed as L=2.3159e0.0595X;net weight and days after hatching was expressed as W=0.0748e0.2021X;average length (L) and net weight (W) was expressed as W=0.0045L3.3775;and mouth width (Y) and days after hatching (X) was expressed as Y=1.9687e0.0605X. In this paper, feeding habits and growth characteristics were observed to provide a theoreti-cal basis for large-scale breeding of F1 Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) × E. lanceolatus (♂) offspring.