CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)不同生长阶段基因型与环境的互作效应,从2012年1月在海南构建的家系中选取生长快、中、慢3个典型家系(分别编号为 F1、F2和 F3),于海南陵水黎安、广东湛江覃斗和广西防城白龙3个不同海区进行养殖试验,每个海区每个家系的放养数量为800个,养殖1年。采用方差和加性主效应乘积交互作用(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction, AMMI)模型对各家系不同生长阶段壳长、壳高、壳宽和体重4个性状的基因型与环境互作效应进行分析。结果显示,不同海区间合浦珠母贝的生长差异显著(P<0.05),其中海南黎安的生长较快,广西白龙较慢；家系间, F2家系的壳长、壳高、壳宽生长速度最快, F1家系体重生长速度最快。整个试验阶段总体上4个性状的基因型方差占变异总方差的比例为72.47%~88.55%,环境方差占9%~24.13%,基因型×环境互作方差占3.32%~4.04%。随着生长的进行,4个性状的基因型方差所占比例由最早阶段的92.32%~98.66%下降到最后阶段的32.45%~68.10%,环境方差由0.11%~1.27%增加到24.41%~62.26%,家系×环境互作方差由0.79%~3.9%增加到3.84%~7.51%。AMMI模型双标图分析表明, F1家系与覃斗、F2家系与黎安存在一定的互作,而F3家系的稳定性最好。上述结果显示,基因型与环境互作效应较小,家系对表型变异的贡献较大,表明家系的选择非常重要。该结果对合浦珠母贝优良品系的选育与推广具有重要指导意义。
위료연구합포주모패(Pinctada fucata)불동생장계단기인형여배경적호작효응,종2012년1월재해남구건적가계중선취생장쾌、중、만3개전형가계(분별편호위 F1、F2화 F3),우해남릉수려안、엄동담강담두화엄서방성백룡3개불동해구진행양식시험,매개해구매개가계적방양수량위800개,양식1년。채용방차화가성주효응승적교호작용(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction, AMMI)모형대각가계불동생장계단각장、각고、각관화체중4개성상적기인형여배경호작효응진행분석。결과현시,불동해구간합포주모패적생장차이현저(P<0.05),기중해남려안적생장교쾌,엄서백룡교만；가계간, F2가계적각장、각고、각관생장속도최쾌, F1가계체중생장속도최쾌。정개시험계단총체상4개성상적기인형방차점변이총방차적비례위72.47%~88.55%,배경방차점9%~24.13%,기인형×배경호작방차점3.32%~4.04%。수착생장적진행,4개성상적기인형방차소점비례유최조계단적92.32%~98.66%하강도최후계단적32.45%~68.10%,배경방차유0.11%~1.27%증가도24.41%~62.26%,가계×배경호작방차유0.79%~3.9%증가도3.84%~7.51%。AMMI모형쌍표도분석표명, F1가계여담두、F2가계여려안존재일정적호작,이F3가계적은정성최호。상술결과현시,기인형여배경호작효응교소,가계대표형변이적공헌교대,표명가계적선택비상중요。해결과대합포주모패우량품계적선육여추엄구유중요지도의의。
With the recession of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, germplasm, it is urgent for the pearl industry to select varieties with optimal traits. Analysis of genotype and environment interactions is important for verifying and promoting elite varieties, for selecting breeding varieties suited to specific environments, and for determining breeding objectives. In this study, we selected three typical families (F1, F2, and F3) with fast, median, and slow growth that were cultured in Li’an (Lingshui, Hainan), Tandou (Zhanjiang, Guangdong), and Bailong (Fangcheng, Guangxi) for 1 year. Eight hundred individuals per family were cultured in each location. The three familie lines were started in January, 2012. Multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) and additive main effects and multiplica-tive interactions (AMMI) were used to analyze the effects of genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction on dif-ferent growth stages. Results showed that the growth rate of different P. fucata growth traits in different sites was significantly different (P<0.05).The fastest growth rate was observed in Li’an, Hainan, and the slowest rate was observed in Bailong, Guangxi. The F1 generation had the fastest growth rate with regard to total weight, whereas F3 had the slowest rate. F2 had the fastest growth rate with regard to shell length, shell height, and shell width. In total, the proportions of genotypic(G), environmental(E), and G×E interaction variances were 72.47%–88.55%, 9%–24.13%, and 3.32%–4.04%for the four traits, respectively. In different growth stages, genotypic variance re-duced from 92.32%–98.66%to 32.45%–68.10%. Instead, environmental variance increased from 0.11%–1.27%to 24.41%–62.26%, and G×E variance increased from 0.79%–3.9% to 3.84%–7.51%. Analysis of AMMI biplots of four traits showed that F1 was associated with Tandou, F2 was associated with Li’an, and F3 was the most stable family. Above all, the effect of G×E interaction was small. Family greatly contributed to phenotypic variation. Our observations provide support for selective breeding of this animal.