中山大学学报(自然科学版)
中山大學學報(自然科學版)
중산대학학보(자연과학판)
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni
2015年
5期
77-84
,共8页
贵阳市%大气颗粒物%PM2.5%PM10%时空分布
貴暘市%大氣顆粒物%PM2.5%PM10%時空分佈
귀양시%대기과립물%PM2.5%PM10%시공분포
Guiyang%atmospheric particulate matter%PM2.5%PM10%temporal and spatial distribution
通过对贵阳市2014-2015年度的 PM2.5、PM10和同期的气象资料进行整理、统计和计算,并进一步对各物理量之间的相互关系进行研究,查明了贵阳市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其影响因素。结果表明,贵阳市大气颗粒物污染以细颗粒物 PM2.5污染为主,呈现出夏秋季和冬春季2种典型的季节性污染特征,其中夏秋季以夏季污染最小,其 PM2.5日平均值仅为28.79μg·m -3,分布于13~68μg·m -3,冬春季以冬季污染最严重,其PM2.5日均值达到60.64μg·m -3,分布于15~127μg·m -3之间。根据《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012),贵阳市春、夏、秋、冬 PM2.5超标率分别为4.4%、0、5.5%和29.2%;春、夏、秋、冬各季 PM2.5和PM10的日变化特征均显示出“双峰”型分布,第一个峰值出现在10:00-13:00时,夏季达到峰值的时间最早,冬季最晚,第二个峰值出现在20:00-23:00时,春季最早,夏季最晚。峰值发生的时间差异受控于各季太阳辐射的变化及居民生活节拍的不同;PM2.5的空间分布大致表现出从市区到郊区污染逐渐减小,反之增强的规律,平均污染程度在冬季表现为市环保站>冶金厅>花溪区>小河区>鸿边门>马鞍山>乌当区>桐木岭,在夏季为鸿边门>冶金厅>小河区>市环保站>花溪区>乌当区>马鞍山>桐木岭;气象条件是影响大气颗粒物污染的首要原因,其次为人类活动排放和局部地理环境。
通過對貴暘市2014-2015年度的 PM2.5、PM10和同期的氣象資料進行整理、統計和計算,併進一步對各物理量之間的相互關繫進行研究,查明瞭貴暘市大氣顆粒物的汙染特徵及其影響因素。結果錶明,貴暘市大氣顆粒物汙染以細顆粒物 PM2.5汙染為主,呈現齣夏鞦季和鼕春季2種典型的季節性汙染特徵,其中夏鞦季以夏季汙染最小,其 PM2.5日平均值僅為28.79μg·m -3,分佈于13~68μg·m -3,鼕春季以鼕季汙染最嚴重,其PM2.5日均值達到60.64μg·m -3,分佈于15~127μg·m -3之間。根據《環境空氣質量標準》(GB3095-2012),貴暘市春、夏、鞦、鼕 PM2.5超標率分彆為4.4%、0、5.5%和29.2%;春、夏、鞦、鼕各季 PM2.5和PM10的日變化特徵均顯示齣“雙峰”型分佈,第一箇峰值齣現在10:00-13:00時,夏季達到峰值的時間最早,鼕季最晚,第二箇峰值齣現在20:00-23:00時,春季最早,夏季最晚。峰值髮生的時間差異受控于各季太暘輻射的變化及居民生活節拍的不同;PM2.5的空間分佈大緻錶現齣從市區到郊區汙染逐漸減小,反之增彊的規律,平均汙染程度在鼕季錶現為市環保站>冶金廳>花溪區>小河區>鴻邊門>馬鞍山>烏噹區>桐木嶺,在夏季為鴻邊門>冶金廳>小河區>市環保站>花溪區>烏噹區>馬鞍山>桐木嶺;氣象條件是影響大氣顆粒物汙染的首要原因,其次為人類活動排放和跼部地理環境。
통과대귀양시2014-2015년도적 PM2.5、PM10화동기적기상자료진행정리、통계화계산,병진일보대각물리량지간적상호관계진행연구,사명료귀양시대기과립물적오염특정급기영향인소。결과표명,귀양시대기과립물오염이세과립물 PM2.5오염위주,정현출하추계화동춘계2충전형적계절성오염특정,기중하추계이하계오염최소,기 PM2.5일평균치부위28.79μg·m -3,분포우13~68μg·m -3,동춘계이동계오염최엄중,기PM2.5일균치체도60.64μg·m -3,분포우15~127μg·m -3지간。근거《배경공기질량표준》(GB3095-2012),귀양시춘、하、추、동 PM2.5초표솔분별위4.4%、0、5.5%화29.2%;춘、하、추、동각계 PM2.5화PM10적일변화특정균현시출“쌍봉”형분포,제일개봉치출현재10:00-13:00시,하계체도봉치적시간최조,동계최만,제이개봉치출현재20:00-23:00시,춘계최조,하계최만。봉치발생적시간차이수공우각계태양복사적변화급거민생활절박적불동;PM2.5적공간분포대치표현출종시구도교구오염축점감소,반지증강적규률,평균오염정도재동계표현위시배보참>야금청>화계구>소하구>홍변문>마안산>오당구>동목령,재하계위홍변문>야금청>소하구>시배보참>화계구>오당구>마안산>동목령;기상조건시영향대기과립물오염적수요원인,기차위인류활동배방화국부지리배경。
The pollution characteristics and determinants of the atmospheric particulates and its determi-nants in Guiyang were studied through sorting and statistical analysis of the data of PM2.5 ,PM10 and mete-orological series of Guiyang during 2014 -2015,together with assessing of their interaction.The result showed that PM2.5 was the main cause of atmospheric particulate matter in Guiyang,which possessed typi-cal winter-spring and summer-fall seasonal characteristics.While the average of daily concentration of PM2.5 was 28.79 μg·m -3 in summer,which was fluctuated between 13 to 68 μg·m -3 .It was in-creased to 60.64 μg·m -3 in winter,which ranged from 15 to 127 μg·m -3 .According to the ambient air quality standard (GB3095 -2012),the over standard rate of PM2.5 in spring,summer,fall and winter was 4.4%,0,5.5% and 5.5%,respectively.The daily distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 demonstrated a “twin peaks”,the first one of which occurred at 10:00 - 13:00,and it came earliest in summer while latest in winter the second peak occurred at 20:00 -23:00,the first one of which came earliest in spring while latest in summer.This difference was mainly resulted from the change of season solar radi-ation and human daily routine.The spatial distribution of PM2.5 showed roughly gradual reduction from urban to rural,the average of which was ordered as Shihuanbaozhan >Yejinting >Huaxi district >Xi-aohe district >Hongbianmen >Maanshan >Wudang district >Tongmuling in winter,while the order was Hongbianmen >Yejinting >Xiaohe district >Shihuanbaozhan >Huaxi district >Wudang dis-trict >Maanshan >Tongmuling while in summer.Meteorological conditions played a dominant role in atmospheric particulate matter pollution,which was followed by human activities and the local geograph-ical environment.