CAJ | 학술논문

为探究浒苔添加比例与微生物发酵对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响,试验以浒苔、马尾藻、石莼、扇贝边等为原料,配制成浒苔添加比例分别为0、10%、20%、30%和40%的5种饲料。将每种饲料均分成2份,其中1份利用酿酒酵母菌发酵,试验最终得到10种试验饲料。将上述饲料饲喂初始平均体重为(3.94±0.46) g的幼刺参46 d,每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复投喂30头幼刺参。结果表明：1)随着浒苔添加比例的提高,在未发酵组中幼刺参的增重率( WGR)、特定生长率( SGR)和饲料效率( FE)有升高的趋势,以40%添加组最优；在发酵组中幼刺参的WGR、SGR 和 FE 先升高后降低,以30%添加组最优。添加30%与40%的浒苔对WGR、SGR和FE的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但二者均显著高于添加10%的浒苔(P<0.05)。而发酵与否对各项生长性能指标均无显著影响( P>0.05)。2)在未发酵组中,随着浒苔添加比例的提高,肠道纤维素酶活力呈现出先上升后下降的趋势；而在发酵组中,肠道纤维素酶活力呈现出不断上升趋势。同一添加比例下,发酵组的肠道纤维素酶活力要高于未发酵组,且在添加比例为10%、20%、40%时差异显著(P<0.05)。浒苔添加比例和发酵与否之间的交互作用除对肠道纤维素酶活力有显著影响( P<0.05)外,对肠道胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力均无显著影响( P>0.05)。3)浒苔添加比例与发酵与否对幼刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶( ACP)、碱性磷酸酶( AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)活力均无显著促进作用( P>0.05),且二者无显著交互作用( P>0.05)。由此得出,幼刺参饲料中浒苔的适宜添加比例在30%~40%之间；对添加浒苔饲料的进行微生物发酵可以适当提高幼刺参肠道中纤维素酶活力。
위탐구호태첨가비례여미생물발효대유자삼생장、소화화비특이성면역적영향,시험이호태、마미조、석순、선패변등위원료,배제성호태첨가비례분별위0、10%、20%、30%화40%적5충사료。장매충사료균분성2빈,기중1빈이용양주효모균발효,시험최종득도10충시험사료。장상술사료사위초시평균체중위(3.94±0.46) g적유자삼46 d,매충사료설3개중복,매개중복투위30두유자삼。결과표명：1)수착호태첨가비례적제고,재미발효조중유자삼적증중솔( WGR)、특정생장솔( SGR)화사료효솔( FE)유승고적추세,이40%첨가조최우；재발효조중유자삼적WGR、SGR 화 FE 선승고후강저,이30%첨가조최우。첨가30%여40%적호태대WGR、SGR화FE적영향차이불현저(P>0.05),단이자균현저고우첨가10%적호태(P<0.05)。이발효여부대각항생장성능지표균무현저영향( P>0.05)。2)재미발효조중,수착호태첨가비례적제고,장도섬유소매활력정현출선상승후하강적추세；이재발효조중,장도섬유소매활력정현출불단상승추세。동일첨가비례하,발효조적장도섬유소매활력요고우미발효조,차재첨가비례위10%、20%、40%시차이현저(P<0.05)。호태첨가비례화발효여부지간적교호작용제대장도섬유소매활력유현저영향( P<0.05)외,대장도이단백매화정분매활력균무현저영향( P>0.05)。3)호태첨가비례여발효여부대유자삼체강액중산성린산매( ACP)、감성린산매( AKP)화초양화물기화매( SOD)활력균무현저촉진작용( P>0.05),차이자무현저교호작용( P>0.05)。유차득출,유자삼사료중호태적괄의첨가비례재30%~40%지간；대첨가호태사료적진행미생물발효가이괄당제고유자삼장도중섬유소매활력。
A 46-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Enteromorpha prolifera and microbial fermentation on growth, digestion and non-specific immune of juvenile sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) . Main sources included Enteromorpha prolifera, Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum thun-bergii, Ulva lactuca and so on. Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of Entero-morpha prolifera, respectively. Half of each diet was fermented by the suspension of Brewer’ s yeast. The trial finally had 10 experimental diets. Each diet was randomly fed to one group with 3 replicates of 30 sea cucum-ber [average body weight of (3.94±0.46) g]. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate ( WGR) , specific growth rate ( SGR) and feed efficiency ( FE) of sea cucumbers were increased with Entero-morpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the non-fermented groups, and the group of 40% Enteromor-pha prolifera was the best;the WGR, SGR and FE of sea cucumbers were firstly increased and then decreased with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the fermented groups, and the group of 30% Enter-omorpha prolifera was the best. The WGR, SGR and FE in the group of 30% and 40% Enteromorpha prolif-era were not significantly different ( P>0.05) , but all of them were significantly higher than those in the group of 10% Enteromorpha prolifera ( P<0.05) . The growth performance indices of sea cucumbers were not signifi-cantly affected by microbial fermentation (P>0.05). 2) The intestinal cellulase activity was increased in the first stage and then decreased with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the non-fermented groups. However, the intestinal cellulase activity tended to increase with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the fermented groups. In the same adding ratio, the intestinal cellulase activity in the fermen-ted groups was higher than that in the non-fermented groups, and the significant differences were found when adding ratios were 10%, 20% and 40% (P<0.05). There was significant interaction between yes or no fer-mentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio on the intestinal cellulase activity ( P<0.05) , but no signifi-cant interactions on intestinal amylase and trypsin activities ( P>0.05) . 3) The superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , acid phosphatase ( ACP) and alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) of coelomic fluid were not significantly affected by yes or no fermentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio ( P>0.05) , and the yes or no fermentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio had no significant interactions on them. It can be concluded that the opti-mal adding ratio of Enteromorpha prolifera in the diet of juvenile sea cucumber is between 30% and 40%. And microbial fermentation can promote the intestinal cellulase activity of juvenile sea cucumber to some extent.