CAJ | 학술논문

膜污染是导致反渗透海水淡化（seawater reverse osmosis，SWRO）系统操作成本增加和产水性能下降的重要因素。为了降低系统运行操作成本，本文针对卷式SWRO系统提出了一种新的膜清洗与更换策略优化方法。首先，根据反渗透和膜污染过程机理建立了膜污染情况下的SWRO系统性能模型；然后将生产过程中的总操作费用与膜清洗和更换规划联系起来，建立了以系统日均操作费用最低为目标、以膜清洗次数、膜清洗和更换时间等为寻优变量、以开放式方程模型为约束的优化命题，并通过联立求解等技术使得原本复杂的优化命题可快速方便地求解；在此基础上对SWRO系统进行了实例研究和分析。优化求解结果表明：（1）本优化策略可以大幅降低系统操作费用，并同时获得最佳膜清洗和更换时间以及膜清洗次数；（2）进料海水温度对最优膜清洗和更换策略影响很大，固定周期的膜更换策略并不合适。另外本优化方法还可得到不同条件下最优操作费用组成、以及最优目标下最优操作压力和操作流量曲线等信息，对优化SWRO系统运行和深入分析系统内部状态变化具有重要意义。
막오염시도치반삼투해수담화（seawater reverse osmosis，SWRO）계통조작성본증가화산수성능하강적중요인소。위료강저계통운행조작성본，본문침대권식SWRO계통제출료일충신적막청세여경환책략우화방법。수선，근거반삼투화막오염과정궤리건립료막오염정황하적SWRO계통성능모형；연후장생산과정중적총조작비용여막청세화경환규화련계기래，건립료이계통일균조작비용최저위목표、이막청세차수、막청세화경환시간등위심우변량、이개방식방정모형위약속적우화명제，병통과련립구해등기술사득원본복잡적우화명제가쾌속방편지구해；재차기출상대SWRO계통진행료실례연구화분석。우화구해결과표명：（1）본우화책략가이대폭강저계통조작비용，병동시획득최가막청세화경환시간이급막청세차수；（2）진료해수온도대최우막청세화경환책략영향흔대，고정주기적막경환책략병불합괄。령외본우화방법환가득도불동조건하최우조작비용조성、이급최우목표하최우조작압력화조작류량곡선등신식，대우화SWRO계통운행화심입분석계통내부상태변화구유중요의의。
Membrane fouling is a key factor for the increase of operation cost and the decrease of product performance of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system. In this work, a strategy of new membrane cleaning and replacing schedule for spiral-wound SWRO system was proposed to reduce the operation cost. First, according to the solution-diffusion principle and membrane fouling characteristics, the SWRO performance model considering membrane fouling was established. Then, the total operation cost was integrated with membrane cleaning and replacing schedule to establish the optimization problem, which set minimizing the daily operation cost of the system as an objective, membrane cleaning frequency, cleaning time and replacing time as optimization variables, and the open equations as constraints. And the finite-element-based simultaneous method was applied to solve the complex optimization problem efficiently. After the case study and analysis of the SWRO system, the optimization results showed that the proposed optimization strategy can significantly reduce the operational cost, while obtaining the optimal membrane cleaning frequency and the cleaning and replacing time. It was found that the feed seawater temperature had an important effect on the membrane cleaning and replacing schedule as well as total operational cost, and thus it was not suitable to fix the membrane replacement interval. In addition, the proposed method can obtain the profile of optimal operational pressure and flow rate as well as internal status and performance of the system under different operation conditions, which was of great significance to optimize the operation of the system and the further study on the inner status of the system.