CAJ | 학술논문

以中外和平、友好、平等的经济、文化、外交等交流为主要内容的海上丝路，在中国有着悠久的历史，并产生了深广的影响。海上丝路萌芽于先秦，正式开辟于秦汉，徐闻、合浦港成为始发港，远航印度洋，发生了以佛教、作物新品种为中心的第一次文化大交流。隋唐五代为其兴盛时期，广州为世界性大港，中外商贾云集。宋元时期其进一步发展和繁荣，广州、泉州取得主港地位，与阿拉伯世界建立起密切的商贸关系；产生海神妈祖崇拜、传入占城稻种等，深刻改变了中国土地利用格局。明代以郑和七下西洋为标志，其由盛转衰。基于番薯、玉米等新作物传入和利玛窦来华宣传西方科技和宗教，以及澳门、肇庆2个中西文化交流中心的形成，在东西方文明之间架起了一座桥梁，由此引起中国粮食生产一场革命和某些观念文化的改变。清代前期闭关锁国，广州成为全国唯一对外通商口岸；而新辟的全球性海上交通线，带来以广州十三行商帮崛起、中西文化双向交流为主要内容的海上丝路鼎盛时期。但1840年中英鸦片战争，完全改变了中西贸易的性质，持续了2000多年的海上丝路，自此划上了一个句号。
이중외화평、우호、평등적경제、문화、외교등교류위주요내용적해상사로，재중국유착유구적역사，병산생료심엄적영향。해상사로맹아우선진，정식개벽우진한，서문、합포항성위시발항，원항인도양，발생료이불교、작물신품충위중심적제일차문화대교류。수당오대위기흥성시기，엄주위세계성대항，중외상가운집。송원시기기진일보발전화번영，엄주、천주취득주항지위，여아랍백세계건립기밀절적상무관계；산생해신마조숭배、전입점성도충등，심각개변료중국토지이용격국。명대이정화칠하서양위표지，기유성전쇠。기우번서、옥미등신작물전입화리마두래화선전서방과기화종교，이급오문、조경2개중서문화교류중심적형성，재동서방문명지간가기료일좌교량，유차인기중국양식생산일장혁명화모사관념문화적개변。청대전기폐관쇄국，엄주성위전국유일대외통상구안；이신벽적전구성해상교통선，대래이엄주십삼행상방굴기、중서문화쌍향교류위주요내용적해상사로정성시기。단1840년중영아편전쟁，완전개변료중서무역적성질，지속료2000다년적해상사로，자차화상료일개구호。
Maritime Silk Road, with peace, friendship, economic equality, culture, and diplomacy communication as its purpose, has had a long history in China and a widespread impact on the world. Maritime Silk Road originated before the Qin Dynasty and officially opened in the Qin and Han dynasties, when Xuwen and Hepu became the departure ports. Merchant ships sailed over the Indian Ocean, generating the first great cultural exchange in the world with the dissemination of Buddhism and new crop varieties as its main contents. The period of Sui, Tang and the Five Dynasties was a prosperous period of Maritime Silk Road, when Guangzhou port became a worldwide port where domestic and foreign merchants gathered. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Maritime Silk Road had further development and prosperity, Guangzhou and Quanzhou gained the position of principal port and established close business relations with the Arab world. The worship of Mazu produced, who is thought to be the Goddess of Sea in China. The incoming of Champa rice, etc., profoundly changed the land use pattern of China. In the Ming dynasty marked by Zhenghe’s seven expeditions to the western seas, Maritime Silk Road began to decline. As some new crops such as sweet potato and corn were introduced, and Matteo Ricci did missionary work and brought western science, technology to China, Macao and Zhaoqing became two cultural exchange centers, forming a bridge between eastern and western civilization, thus causing a revolution in China's grain production and cultural changes of some ideas. In the early stage of the Qing dynasty, the policy of secluding China from the outside world was carried out, Guangzhou (Canton) became the only foreign trade port in China. The newly developed sea routes brought about the rise of Thirteen Hongs (the thirteen commercial firms) in Guangzhou. The two-way communication between Chinese and western culture was active and the maritime silk road reached its height. However, after the Opium War of 1840, the nature of the trade between China and West was completely changed, the maritime Silk Road, which had lasted for more than 2000 years, had a full stop.