CAJ | 학술논문

美国是典型的“单轨制”教育体系国家，其中等职业教育具有独特性。从美国中等职业教育的教育机构、学生参与及职教师资等三个维度审视美国中等职业教育的现状发现：美国实施中等职业教育的机构广泛而多样；中等职业教育的“学生参与”较之20年前呈下降趋势，参与的职业领域呈现不均衡变化态势；中等职业教育教师数量少、学历偏低且更需专业发展。基于美国中等职业教育发展经验，当前我国亟需关注中等职业教育的“普及性”、“公平性”、“个性化”等特征，以提高我国中等职业教育的教育效能。
미국시전형적“단궤제”교육체계국가，기중등직업교육구유독특성。종미국중등직업교육적교육궤구、학생삼여급직교사자등삼개유도심시미국중등직업교육적현상발현：미국실시중등직업교육적궤구엄범이다양；중등직업교육적“학생삼여”교지20년전정하강추세，삼여적직업영역정현불균형변화태세；중등직업교육교사수량소、학력편저차경수전업발전。기우미국중등직업교육발전경험，당전아국극수관주중등직업교육적“보급성”、“공평성”、“개성화”등특정，이제고아국중등직업교육적교육효능。
The education in the United States is a typical “single-track”system, among which secondary vocational education has its peculiarity. By analyzing the present situation of secondary vocational education of the United States from three perspective of educational institution, student participation and teaching staff, this paper found that, in secondary vocational education of the United States, the implementation institutions are diverse; the rate of student participation tends to decline compared with that of 20 years ago, and vocational areas participated by students tend to be changed unevenly; the number and level of teachers are low, and the teachers should be developed professionally. Based on the experience of the United States, it is necessary for China to focus on the “universal”, “fairness” and “individuation” characteristics of secondary vocational education and increase the efficiency of the education of secondary vocational education.