CAJ | 학술논문

载人深潜技术是深海技术的前沿与制高点，也是深海科考最先进的技术手段之一。20世纪60年代以来，随着高新技术的发展，美国、法国、俄罗斯、日本等国在载人潜水器的研制和应用上取得了快速的发展，先后掌握了大深度载人深潜技术，具备了在复杂海况下进行水下作业的能力，实现了对深海和大洋洋底的现场观察、探测和取样等。目前，深海载人潜水器的考察范围已经遍及全球大陆坡深水区、洋中脊、海山、海沟和洋盆等海底区域，获得了大量的深海地质、地球物理、生物、化学和环境方面的信息或样品，取得了一批重大的发现和创新性的研究成果，推动了深海科学的发展。我国自主集成研制的“蛟龙”号载人潜水器顺利完成了7000 m 级海试，并于2013年开始开展了试验性应用，取得了丰硕的科考成果。本文简要介绍了世界载人潜水器的发展现状及其在深海科学考察中的技术优势，综述了国内外载人潜水器在深海地质学、生物学和物理海洋学等领域中的应用情况。
재인심잠기술시심해기술적전연여제고점，야시심해과고최선진적기술수단지일。20세기60년대이래，수착고신기술적발전，미국、법국、아라사、일본등국재재인잠수기적연제화응용상취득료쾌속적발전，선후장악료대심도재인심잠기술，구비료재복잡해황하진행수하작업적능력，실현료대심해화대양양저적현장관찰、탐측화취양등。목전，심해재인잠수기적고찰범위이경편급전구대륙파심수구、양중척、해산、해구화양분등해저구역，획득료대량적심해지질、지구물리、생물、화학화배경방면적신식혹양품，취득료일비중대적발현화창신성적연구성과，추동료심해과학적발전。아국자주집성연제적“교룡”호재인잠수기순리완성료7000 m 급해시，병우2013년개시개전료시험성응용，취득료봉석적과고성과。본문간요개소료세계재인잠수기적발전현상급기재심해과학고찰중적기술우세，종술료국내외재인잠수기재심해지질학、생물학화물리해양학등영역중적응용정황。
Deep submergence technology is the cutting edge and one of the most advanced deep-sea technologies. With the development of high technology since 1960s,countries such as America,Japan,France and Russia have made a rapid progress in the development and application of manned submersibles;they have mastered this tech-nology successively and are capable of applying it to the in situ observation,detection and sampling at complex deep ocean conditions.To date,the vehicles have been applied to obtain deep-sea geological,geophysical,biological, chemical and environmental information at areas including continental slopes,mid-ocean ridges,seamounts,sea-floor trenches and ocean basins all over the world,based on which,a batch of important findings and innovative results have been achieved and thus improving the deep sea research.China self-designed Jiaolong manned submersible has successfully completed 7 000 m class sea trial.The test operational phase has been conducted since 2013,and rich scientific investigations have been achieved via the successful voyages.This paper briefly describes the current status of the development of manned submersibles of each country and their advantages in deep ocean research,and reviews the application in marine geology,biology and physical oceanography of manned submersibles developed by domestic and foreign countries.