CAJ | 학술논문

在化工领域，输送腐蚀性介质的压力管道常用的材料为奥氏体不锈钢，而应力腐蚀开裂是奥氏体不锈钢压力管道最主要的失效方式。该文主要对奥氏体不锈钢压力管道应力腐蚀开裂的机理、主要影响因素及预防措施进行了分析讨论。分析发现：奥氏体不锈钢压力管道应力腐蚀开裂机理根据输送介质的不同可分为氢致应力腐蚀开裂和“滑移溶解断裂”模型；其腐蚀速率主要受拉应力、输送介质腐蚀性、运行温度、氢元素、输送介质对管壁的冲蚀等因素的影响；可通过采取合理选用材料及焊条、优化焊接工艺、避免产生应力集中点、防止腐蚀溶液富集、改变输送介质成分及运用阴极保护法等措施减缓应力腐蚀开裂的发生。
재화공영역，수송부식성개질적압력관도상용적재료위오씨체불수강，이응력부식개렬시오씨체불수강압력관도최주요적실효방식。해문주요대오씨체불수강압력관도응력부식개렬적궤리、주요영향인소급예방조시진행료분석토론。분석발현：오씨체불수강압력관도응력부식개렬궤리근거수송개질적불동가분위경치응력부식개렬화“활이용해단렬”모형；기부식속솔주요수랍응력、수송개질부식성、운행온도、경원소、수송개질대관벽적충식등인소적영향；가통과채취합리선용재료급한조、우화한접공예、피면산생응력집중점、방지부식용액부집、개변수송개질성분급운용음겁보호법등조시감완응력부식개렬적발생。
In the chemical industry field,the common material of pressure pipings for transporting corrosive medium is austenitic stainless steel,and stress corrosion cracking is the main failure mode for austenitic stainless steel.The stress corrosion cracking mechanism,main influence factors and preventive measures of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings were discussed and analyzed.The results show that the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings can be divided into hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking and‘slipping-dissolving-fracture’ model.The corrosion rate was mainly affected by factors such as tensile stress,corrosivity of the transmission medium,operating temperature,hydrogen element,transmission medium washouting to the piping wall and so on.Measures such as choosing reasonable materials and electrode,optimizing welding process,avoiding forming stress concentration, preventing corrosion solution concentration, changing transmission medium compositions,applying cathodic protection and so on,can be adopted to reduce the stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings.