CAJ | 학술논문

中国最早发现和开发利用南海及其诸岛，南海之名始见于周朝，距今3000多年，至秦汉时，已开发南海至印度洋的航运和商贸事业。南海诸岛和南海部分海域属于中国领土和海疆，标示在中国出版的地图中为断续国界线。南海周边国家关系历来大多处于和谐状态，其中秦汉南海海上丝绸之路和明朝郑和船队下西洋为其中显著发展的和谐时段。而自中世纪以来，域外强国侵入南海，使南海区域在相当长时间内处于严重不和谐状态。其中，15―19世纪，欧美殖民主义者侵占南海周边各国。20世纪上半叶，日本殖民主义者开始侵占中国南海诸岛，并在第二次世界大战中吞占了整个南海区域；20世纪下半叶，法国和美国相继挑起印度支那战争和越南战争。南海周边部分国家霸占中国南海诸岛许多岛礁，并在其上建筑和扩建机场及港口，扩军备，分割其海疆并掠夺其海洋石油天然气资源。中国必须开展积极的外交和军事活动，尤其是加强国防建设，在南海诸岛建设海空军基地，才能保护中国南海油气和渔业资源的开发和运输畅通，并尽早收回全部岛礁主权，使南海周边国家愿意“共同开发”，创造和谐的南海。
중국최조발현화개발이용남해급기제도，남해지명시견우주조，거금3000다년，지진한시，이개발남해지인도양적항운화상무사업。남해제도화남해부분해역속우중국령토화해강，표시재중국출판적지도중위단속국계선。남해주변국가관계력래대다처우화해상태，기중진한남해해상사주지로화명조정화선대하서양위기중현저발전적화해시단。이자중세기이래，역외강국침입남해，사남해구역재상당장시간내처우엄중불화해상태。기중，15―19세기，구미식민주의자침점남해주변각국。20세기상반협，일본식민주의자개시침점중국남해제도，병재제이차세계대전중탄점료정개남해구역；20세기하반협，법국화미국상계도기인도지나전쟁화월남전쟁。남해주변부분국가패점중국남해제도허다도초，병재기상건축화확건궤장급항구，확군비，분할기해강병략탈기해양석유천연기자원。중국필수개전적겁적외교화군사활동，우기시가강국방건설，재남해제도건설해공군기지，재능보호중국남해유기화어업자원적개발화운수창통，병진조수회전부도초주권，사남해주변국가원의“공동개발”，창조화해적남해。
Chinese people discovered and exploited the South China Sea and Nanhai Islands the earliest. The name of the South China Sea was recorded first in the Zhou Dynasty about 3 000 years ago. Till the Qin and Han Dynasties, the shipping and trading business had been developed from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean. The Nanhai Islands and part of South China Sea had belonged to China and marked as intermittent border in maps. The relationship among the countries surrounding the South China Sea was harmonious most of the time in history, especially during the periods of Maritime Silk Route of South China Sea in the Qin and Han Dynasties and Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas in Ming Dynasty. But the strong powers outside the South China Sea intruded into the Sea since the Middle Ages, that made the region be in serious disharmonious situation for a long time. From the 15th to 19th centuries, European and American colonists invaded the countries surrounding South China Sea. From the first half of the 20th century, Japanese colonist began to arrogate Nanhai Islands and annexed the whole region in the Second World War. In the latter half of the 20th century, France and the United States provoked the Indochina war and the Vietnam War respectively. Several countries surrounding the South China Sea arrogated many islands and coral reefs of the Nanhai Islands and built airports and harbors, while partitioning the territorial waters of China and seizing marine oil and gas resources. In this century, under the intervention of the United States, they are jointly contrary to China evidently. Positive diplomatic and military activities should be held in China, especially the construction of national defense by building bases in the Nanhai Islands, which will protect and exploit the oil and gas resources and fishing resources and ensure the transportation smoothly. Only when the countries surrounding the South China Sea would like to join the development, the harmony of the region could be achieved.