CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】分析秦岭南坡栓皮栎实生苗在阴、阳坡生境中的构型，对比不同生境中其构型的差异，探讨构型与生境之间的关系，为森林结构及其经营措施的优化提供依据。【方法】通过样方调查，研究秦岭南坡的阴坡和阳坡2种生境中1～10年生栓皮栎幼苗的植株生长、枝系特征、叶片特征和生物量分配等构型特征。【结果】各个年龄实生苗的基径、树高均是阳坡＞阴坡，冠幅则相反，在9年生之前均是阴坡＞阳坡；基径在2个生境间没有显著差异，树高在7～10年间出现显著差异，冠幅在3年和8年时差异显著。阳坡和阴坡生境光照条件存在差异，这使栓皮栎实生苗形成不同的适应策略，不同坡向栓皮栎实生苗1级枝和3级枝出现的年龄阶段不同，阴坡(分别出现在4年生、6年生时)早于阳坡(分别出现在5年生、8年生时)；总体分枝率与逐步分枝率( R1∶2)表现为阳坡＞阴坡；1级枝分枝角和1级枝长度则表现为阴坡＞阳坡。各个年龄栓皮栎幼苗的叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、叶面积指数均表现为阴坡＞阳坡；2个生境中，叶长宽比固定变化在2.00～2.61，这可能是因为叶长宽比由遗传性状所控制，不容易随环境的不同而产生变异。2个生境中，栓皮栎实生苗的叶、干、侧枝的生物量均呈指数形式增长，1～5年苗生物量增长缓慢，6年后增长加快，且在6年后2个生境间的差异显著(P＜0.05)；根茎比在1～7年生时有显著差异(P＜0.05)，在8年生之前其生物量格局是把较多的干物质分配到根系，确保幼苗的存活；各器官生物量比率高峰值出现的年龄也不同，叶生物量比率最高值阴、阳坡分别出现在第4年、第3年，侧枝生物量比率最高值阴、阳坡分别出现在第8年、第9年；2个生境中，干、叶生物量比率在1～4年时有显著差异，而随着年龄增大，差异明显变小，但在8年生后，又有显著差异。【结论】阳坡生境较阴坡更有利于栓皮栎实生苗的生长发育，但阴坡生境内栓皮栎实生苗通过强烈分枝和增加叶面积来获取更多光辐射，可见为充分利用不同生境内的光资源，栓皮栎实生苗通过构型变化形成不同的适应策略。【目的】分析秦嶺南坡栓皮櫟實生苗在陰、暘坡生境中的構型，對比不同生境中其構型的差異，探討構型與生境之間的關繫，為森林結構及其經營措施的優化提供依據。【方法】通過樣方調查，研究秦嶺南坡的陰坡和暘坡2種生境中1～10年生栓皮櫟幼苗的植株生長、枝繫特徵、葉片特徵和生物量分配等構型特徵。【結果】各箇年齡實生苗的基徑、樹高均是暘坡＞陰坡，冠幅則相反，在9年生之前均是陰坡＞暘坡；基徑在2箇生境間沒有顯著差異，樹高在7～10年間齣現顯著差異，冠幅在3年和8年時差異顯著。暘坡和陰坡生境光照條件存在差異，這使栓皮櫟實生苗形成不同的適應策略，不同坡嚮栓皮櫟實生苗1級枝和3級枝齣現的年齡階段不同，陰坡(分彆齣現在4年生、6年生時)早于暘坡(分彆齣現在5年生、8年生時)；總體分枝率與逐步分枝率( R1∶2)錶現為暘坡＞陰坡；1級枝分枝角和1級枝長度則錶現為陰坡＞暘坡。各箇年齡栓皮櫟幼苗的葉長、葉寬、單葉麵積、葉麵積指數均錶現為陰坡＞暘坡；2箇生境中，葉長寬比固定變化在2.00～2.61，這可能是因為葉長寬比由遺傳性狀所控製，不容易隨環境的不同而產生變異。2箇生境中，栓皮櫟實生苗的葉、榦、側枝的生物量均呈指數形式增長，1～5年苗生物量增長緩慢，6年後增長加快，且在6年後2箇生境間的差異顯著(P＜0.05)；根莖比在1～7年生時有顯著差異(P＜0.05)，在8年生之前其生物量格跼是把較多的榦物質分配到根繫，確保幼苗的存活；各器官生物量比率高峰值齣現的年齡也不同，葉生物量比率最高值陰、暘坡分彆齣現在第4年、第3年，側枝生物量比率最高值陰、暘坡分彆齣現在第8年、第9年；2箇生境中，榦、葉生物量比率在1～4年時有顯著差異，而隨著年齡增大，差異明顯變小，但在8年生後，又有顯著差異。【結論】暘坡生境較陰坡更有利于栓皮櫟實生苗的生長髮育，但陰坡生境內栓皮櫟實生苗通過彊烈分枝和增加葉麵積來穫取更多光輻射，可見為充分利用不同生境內的光資源，栓皮櫟實生苗通過構型變化形成不同的適應策略。
【목적】분석진령남파전피력실생묘재음、양파생경중적구형，대비불동생경중기구형적차이，탐토구형여생경지간적관계，위삼림결구급기경영조시적우화제공의거。【방법】통과양방조사，연구진령남파적음파화양파2충생경중1～10년생전피력유묘적식주생장、지계특정、협편특정화생물량분배등구형특정。【결과】각개년령실생묘적기경、수고균시양파＞음파，관폭칙상반，재9년생지전균시음파＞양파；기경재2개생경간몰유현저차이，수고재7～10년간출현현저차이，관폭재3년화8년시차이현저。양파화음파생경광조조건존재차이，저사전피력실생묘형성불동적괄응책략，불동파향전피력실생묘1급지화3급지출현적년령계단불동，음파(분별출현재4년생、6년생시)조우양파(분별출현재5년생、8년생시)；총체분지솔여축보분지솔( R1∶2)표현위양파＞음파；1급지분지각화1급지장도칙표현위음파＞양파。각개년령전피력유묘적협장、협관、단협면적、협면적지수균표현위음파＞양파；2개생경중，협장관비고정변화재2.00～2.61，저가능시인위협장관비유유전성상소공제，불용역수배경적불동이산생변이。2개생경중，전피력실생묘적협、간、측지적생물량균정지수형식증장，1～5년묘생물량증장완만，6년후증장가쾌，차재6년후2개생경간적차이현저(P＜0.05)；근경비재1～7년생시유현저차이(P＜0.05)，재8년생지전기생물량격국시파교다적간물질분배도근계，학보유묘적존활；각기관생물량비솔고봉치출현적년령야불동，협생물량비솔최고치음、양파분별출현재제4년、제3년，측지생물량비솔최고치음、양파분별출현재제8년、제9년；2개생경중，간、협생물량비솔재1～4년시유현저차이，이수착년령증대，차이명현변소，단재8년생후，우유현저차이。【결론】양파생경교음파경유리우전피력실생묘적생장발육，단음파생경내전피력실생묘통과강렬분지화증가협면적래획취경다광복사，가견위충분이용불동생경내적광자원，전피력실생묘통과구형변화형성불동적괄응책략。
[Objective]The spatial architecture of plant population is a final product of plant-environment interaction and mutual adaption. In order to illustrate the relation between habitat and architecture,seedlings of Quercus variabilis in the shady and sunny slopes were studied. The study will therefore provide evidences for optimization of forest structure and managemental measures. [Method]By surveying nine quadrats,architectural characteristics ( growth characteristics, branching characteristics,leaf characteristics and biomass allocation) of 1 -10 years old seedlings of Q. variabilis in the shady slope and sunny slope were studied.[Result]The average base diameter and height of Q. variabilis seedlings were larger in sunny slope than in shady slope. On the contrary,the crown width was larger in shady slope than in sunny slope before 9 years. No significant differences of base diameter were found between the two habitats,but the tree height at 7 to 10 years old and the crown width at 3 and 8 years old significantly differ between the two habitats. Due to the differences of sunlight intensity between the two habitats,Q. variabilis seedlings have evolved different adaptive strategies. In the shady slope,the first order branch and the third order branch of Q. variabilis seedlings appeared earlier than that in the sunny slope. The overall bifurcation ratio and the stepwise bifurcation ratio ( R1∶2 ) were larger in sunny slope than in shady slope,while the length and the angle of the first order branch were larger in shady slope than in sunny slope. The leaf length,leaf width,leaf area and leaf area index of Q. variabilis seedlings appeared to be larger in shady slope than in sunny slope. In the two habitats,the ratio of length to width of leaf varied from 2. 00 to 2. 61,indicating that the characteristics is under genetic control. The biomass of leaf,stem and branch increased in exponential function in the two habitats. The difference between the two habitats was significant after 6 years (P<0. 05). And the ratio of root to shoot was significantly different between the two habitats during the period from 1 to 7 years old ( P < 0 . 05 ) . To ensure survival,it distributes more dry matter to root before 8 years old. The peak value of biomass ratio of each organ appeared at different age. The peak value of leaf biomass ratio and branch biomass ratio respectively appeared at 4 and 8 years old in the shady slope. However in the sunny slope the peak value of leaf biomass ratio and branch biomass ratio respectively appeared at 3 and 9 years old. The stem and leaf biomass proportions significantly differed in the two habitats at 1 to 4 years old,but the difference decreased between the two habitats with the increase of age. There was a significant difference after 8 years old between the two habitats.[Conclusion]The growth performances of the seedlings were superior in the sunny slope to those in the shady slope. But to obtain more light interception,Q. variabilis seedlings developed strong branching and larger leaf area. In order to make full use of sunlight,the seedlings of Q. variabilis evolved different architectural characteristics for adaptation to different habitats.