林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
9期
117-125
,共9页
黄安胜%刘振滨%许佳贤%林群%兰晔%苏时鹏%张春霞
黃安勝%劉振濱%許佳賢%林群%蘭曄%囌時鵬%張春霞
황안성%류진빈%허가현%림군%란엽%소시붕%장춘하
林业全要素生产率%三大效益%技术进步%技术效率%时空差异%DEA-Malmquist指数法
林業全要素生產率%三大效益%技術進步%技術效率%時空差異%DEA-Malmquist指數法
임업전요소생산솔%삼대효익%기술진보%기술효솔%시공차이%DEA-Malmquist지수법
forestry total factor productivity%three main benefits%technical progress%technical efficiency%spatiotemporal differences%DEA-Malmquist index method
【目的】在经济、生态和社会三大效益最大化的多重目标下,测算并分析中国林业全要素生产率及其分量,深化对林业生产效率的理解和认识,为判断林业经济发展方式和制定加快转变林业经济发展方式的相关政策提供科学依据和理论支撑。【方法】以森林面积、林业系统年末从业人员数量和营林固定资产投资为投入指标,以林业第一产业产值、森林蓄积量和木材产量为产出指标,基于2004—2012年省际面板数据,借鉴 Fre等(1992;1994)的思路,运用 DEA-Malmquist指数法测算(使用 DEAP2.1软件运算)并分析中国及四大地区(东部地区、中部地区、西部地区及东北地区)林业全要素生产率( Malmquist 生产率指数)及其分量———技术进步变动指数和技术效率变动指数(进一步分解为纯技术效率变动指数和规模效率变动指数);其中,各指数减去1,就是各相应指标的增长率,且所有均值均为几何均值。【结果】2004—2012年,中国林业全要素生产率、技术进步、技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率年均增长率分别为15.6%,14.1%,1.3%,1.6%和-0.2%;四大地区依林业全要素生产率年均增长率从高到低依次为东部地区(21.8%)、中部地区(18.4%)、西部地区(10.7%)和东北地区(10.1%);依技术进步年均增长率从高到低依次为东部地区(21.2%)、中部地区(17.8%)、东北地区(9.0%)和西部地区(7.9%);依技术效率年均增长率从高到低依次为西部地区(2.5%)、东北地区(0.9%)、中部地区(0.6%)和东部地区(0.4%);依纯技术效率年均增长率从高到低依次为西部地区(2.7%)、中部地区(1.3%)、东北地区(1.2%)和东部地区(0.5%);依规模效率年均增长率从高到低依次为东部地区(0%)、西部地区(-0.2%)、东北地区(-0.2%)和中部地区(-0.7%)。【结论】从2004—2012年各指数的变化情况来看,中国林业全要素生产率总体处于增长状态,其增长的主要动力来源于技术进步,而技术效率因受限于规模效率未能同步增长,对林业全要素生产率增长所产生的贡献较为有限;虽然四大地区林业全要素生产率均实现增长,但各区域增长速度存在明显差异,增长源泉也不尽相同。因此,为了推动林业全要素生产率增长,加快林业经济发展方式转变,既要促进林业技术进步,又要提高林业技术效率,还要依据区域特征实行因地制宜的林业发展政策。
【目的】在經濟、生態和社會三大效益最大化的多重目標下,測算併分析中國林業全要素生產率及其分量,深化對林業生產效率的理解和認識,為判斷林業經濟髮展方式和製定加快轉變林業經濟髮展方式的相關政策提供科學依據和理論支撐。【方法】以森林麵積、林業繫統年末從業人員數量和營林固定資產投資為投入指標,以林業第一產業產值、森林蓄積量和木材產量為產齣指標,基于2004—2012年省際麵闆數據,藉鑒 Fre等(1992;1994)的思路,運用 DEA-Malmquist指數法測算(使用 DEAP2.1軟件運算)併分析中國及四大地區(東部地區、中部地區、西部地區及東北地區)林業全要素生產率( Malmquist 生產率指數)及其分量———技術進步變動指數和技術效率變動指數(進一步分解為純技術效率變動指數和規模效率變動指數);其中,各指數減去1,就是各相應指標的增長率,且所有均值均為幾何均值。【結果】2004—2012年,中國林業全要素生產率、技術進步、技術效率、純技術效率和規模效率年均增長率分彆為15.6%,14.1%,1.3%,1.6%和-0.2%;四大地區依林業全要素生產率年均增長率從高到低依次為東部地區(21.8%)、中部地區(18.4%)、西部地區(10.7%)和東北地區(10.1%);依技術進步年均增長率從高到低依次為東部地區(21.2%)、中部地區(17.8%)、東北地區(9.0%)和西部地區(7.9%);依技術效率年均增長率從高到低依次為西部地區(2.5%)、東北地區(0.9%)、中部地區(0.6%)和東部地區(0.4%);依純技術效率年均增長率從高到低依次為西部地區(2.7%)、中部地區(1.3%)、東北地區(1.2%)和東部地區(0.5%);依規模效率年均增長率從高到低依次為東部地區(0%)、西部地區(-0.2%)、東北地區(-0.2%)和中部地區(-0.7%)。【結論】從2004—2012年各指數的變化情況來看,中國林業全要素生產率總體處于增長狀態,其增長的主要動力來源于技術進步,而技術效率因受限于規模效率未能同步增長,對林業全要素生產率增長所產生的貢獻較為有限;雖然四大地區林業全要素生產率均實現增長,但各區域增長速度存在明顯差異,增長源泉也不儘相同。因此,為瞭推動林業全要素生產率增長,加快林業經濟髮展方式轉變,既要促進林業技術進步,又要提高林業技術效率,還要依據區域特徵實行因地製宜的林業髮展政策。
【목적】재경제、생태화사회삼대효익최대화적다중목표하,측산병분석중국임업전요소생산솔급기분량,심화대임업생산효솔적리해화인식,위판단임업경제발전방식화제정가쾌전변임업경제발전방식적상관정책제공과학의거화이론지탱。【방법】이삼림면적、임업계통년말종업인원수량화영림고정자산투자위투입지표,이임업제일산업산치、삼림축적량화목재산량위산출지표,기우2004—2012년성제면판수거,차감 Fre등(1992;1994)적사로,운용 DEA-Malmquist지수법측산(사용 DEAP2.1연건운산)병분석중국급사대지구(동부지구、중부지구、서부지구급동북지구)임업전요소생산솔( Malmquist 생산솔지수)급기분량———기술진보변동지수화기술효솔변동지수(진일보분해위순기술효솔변동지수화규모효솔변동지수);기중,각지수감거1,취시각상응지표적증장솔,차소유균치균위궤하균치。【결과】2004—2012년,중국임업전요소생산솔、기술진보、기술효솔、순기술효솔화규모효솔년균증장솔분별위15.6%,14.1%,1.3%,1.6%화-0.2%;사대지구의임업전요소생산솔년균증장솔종고도저의차위동부지구(21.8%)、중부지구(18.4%)、서부지구(10.7%)화동북지구(10.1%);의기술진보년균증장솔종고도저의차위동부지구(21.2%)、중부지구(17.8%)、동북지구(9.0%)화서부지구(7.9%);의기술효솔년균증장솔종고도저의차위서부지구(2.5%)、동북지구(0.9%)、중부지구(0.6%)화동부지구(0.4%);의순기술효솔년균증장솔종고도저의차위서부지구(2.7%)、중부지구(1.3%)、동북지구(1.2%)화동부지구(0.5%);의규모효솔년균증장솔종고도저의차위동부지구(0%)、서부지구(-0.2%)、동북지구(-0.2%)화중부지구(-0.7%)。【결론】종2004—2012년각지수적변화정황래간,중국임업전요소생산솔총체처우증장상태,기증장적주요동력래원우기술진보,이기술효솔인수한우규모효솔미능동보증장,대임업전요소생산솔증장소산생적공헌교위유한;수연사대지구임업전요소생산솔균실현증장,단각구역증장속도존재명현차이,증장원천야불진상동。인차,위료추동임업전요소생산솔증장,가쾌임업경제발전방식전변,기요촉진임업기술진보,우요제고임업기술효솔,환요의거구역특정실행인지제의적임업발전정책。
[Objective]In order to provide evidences for judging the economic development pattern of forestry in China, China’s forestry total factor productivity ( FTFP) and its components under multiple targets of maximizing economic, ecological and social benefits are measured and analyzed. [Method]With input variables including forest area,year-end forestry employees of forestry and investment in fixed assets of forestry,and with output variables including primary-industry product of forestry,stock volume of forest and timber production,based on the panel data from provinces over the period from 2004 to 2012,FTFPs( Malmquist productivity indexes) and their components in China and in China’s four main regions are measured and analyzed using the DEA-Malmquist index methods described in Fre et al. (1992;1994), and calculated by the software DEAP Version 2. 1. The components include technical progress change index,and technical efficiency change index ( consisting of pure technical efficiency change index and scale efficiency change index) . Every index minus 1 is its growth rate,and the sample averages are all geometric means. [Result]China ’s FTFP, technical progress ,technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency respectively exhibit average annual growth rates of 15. 6% ,14. 1%,1. 3%,1. 6% and -0. 2% over the period from 2004 to 2012. China’s four main regions are in descending order of average annual growth rate ( AAGR ) of FTFP: eastern region ( at an AAGR of 21. 8%) ,central region (18. 4%) ,western region (10. 7%) and northeastern region (10. 1%) . In descending order of AAGR of technical progress,they are eastern region (21. 2%),central region (17. 8%),northeastern region (9. 0%) and western region ( 7. 9%) . In descending order of AAGR of technical efficiency,they are western region ( 2. 5%) , northeastern region (0. 9%) ,central region (0. 6%) and eastern region (0. 4%) . In descending order of AAGR of pure technical efficiency,they are western region (2. 7%) ,central region (1. 3%) ,northeastern region (1. 2%) and eastern region (0. 5%). In descending order of AAGR of scale efficiency,they are eastern region (0%),western region ( -0. 2%) ,northeastern region ( -0. 2%) and central region( -0. 7%) .[Conclusion]Based on the changes of all indexes during the period from 2004 to 2012,China’s FTFP shows a growing trend,and technical progress is the primary momentum of FTFP growth. However,technical efficiency has a poor effect on the promotion of China’s FTFP,for the growth of technical efficiency is restricted due to the non-synchronous growth of scale efficiency. The FTFPs in China’s four main regions all have grown,but there are significantly regional variations in growth rate and there are also regional differences in growth momentum. Therefore,in order to promote FTFP and accelerate changing the economic development pattern of forestry,we should make forestry technical progress,improve forestry technical efficiency,and adopt the corresponding forestry development policies according to the regional features as well.