林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
9期
65-70
,共6页
李会平%黄秋娴%王婧%李雯
李會平%黃鞦嫻%王婧%李雯
리회평%황추한%왕청%리문
美国白蛾%白僵菌%生物防治%筛选%潜力
美國白蛾%白僵菌%生物防治%篩選%潛力
미국백아%백강균%생물방치%사선%잠력
Hyphantria cunea%Beauveria bassiana%biological control%screening%potential
【目的】测定来自不同寄主和生境的白僵菌对美国白蛾的致病力，以明确白僵菌应用于美国白蛾的生防潜力。【方法】以自土壤诱集的白僵菌 BS04，BS05，BS08菌株和分离自美国白蛾幼虫和桑天牛幼虫的BH01，BI05为供试菌株，利用 POTTER 喷雾塔对美国白蛾幼虫用1×108孢子·mL －1的白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行喷雾处理，逐日观察记载死亡率。对筛选出的高毒力菌株用1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107和1×108孢子·mL －1系列浓度的白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行喷雾以测定其致死中浓度 LC50。对筛选出的高毒力菌株进行野外田间试验，共设置白僵菌 BH01的8×108孢子悬浮液，4.5%高效氯氰菊酯2000倍液和清水对照3个处理，用泰山 ft-796型喷雾器进行喷雾，分别于处理后3，5和7天调查统计死亡率。【结果】BS08，BH01和 BI05菌株接种美国白蛾幼虫8天后，其死亡率为70%～85%，而另外2个菌株的致死率仅为32.61%和30.43%，其致死中时 LT50值亦明显低于菌株 BS04和 BS05。利用不同孢子浓度的悬浮液对美国白蛾幼虫进行接种，进一步测定了上述3个菌株的致死中浓度，菌株 BH01的 LC50值为1.39×106孢子·mL －1，明显低于菌株 BS08和 BI05(分别为1.34×107和2.11×107孢子·mL －1)。田间试验表明，处理7天后，BH01的防治效果达88.84%，与4.5%高效氯氢菊酯无明显差异。【结论】白僵菌 BH01菌株的108孢子·mL －1孢子悬浮液对美国白蛾幼虫具有较高的毒力，显示出用于防治美国白蛾幼虫的生防潜力。
【目的】測定來自不同寄主和生境的白僵菌對美國白蛾的緻病力，以明確白僵菌應用于美國白蛾的生防潛力。【方法】以自土壤誘集的白僵菌 BS04，BS05，BS08菌株和分離自美國白蛾幼蟲和桑天牛幼蟲的BH01，BI05為供試菌株，利用 POTTER 噴霧塔對美國白蛾幼蟲用1×108孢子·mL －1的白僵菌孢子懸浮液進行噴霧處理，逐日觀察記載死亡率。對篩選齣的高毒力菌株用1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107和1×108孢子·mL －1繫列濃度的白僵菌孢子懸浮液進行噴霧以測定其緻死中濃度 LC50。對篩選齣的高毒力菌株進行野外田間試驗，共設置白僵菌 BH01的8×108孢子懸浮液，4.5%高效氯氰菊酯2000倍液和清水對照3箇處理，用泰山 ft-796型噴霧器進行噴霧，分彆于處理後3，5和7天調查統計死亡率。【結果】BS08，BH01和 BI05菌株接種美國白蛾幼蟲8天後，其死亡率為70%～85%，而另外2箇菌株的緻死率僅為32.61%和30.43%，其緻死中時 LT50值亦明顯低于菌株 BS04和 BS05。利用不同孢子濃度的懸浮液對美國白蛾幼蟲進行接種，進一步測定瞭上述3箇菌株的緻死中濃度，菌株 BH01的 LC50值為1.39×106孢子·mL －1，明顯低于菌株 BS08和 BI05(分彆為1.34×107和2.11×107孢子·mL －1)。田間試驗錶明，處理7天後，BH01的防治效果達88.84%，與4.5%高效氯氫菊酯無明顯差異。【結論】白僵菌 BH01菌株的108孢子·mL －1孢子懸浮液對美國白蛾幼蟲具有較高的毒力，顯示齣用于防治美國白蛾幼蟲的生防潛力。
【목적】측정래자불동기주화생경적백강균대미국백아적치병력，이명학백강균응용우미국백아적생방잠력。【방법】이자토양유집적백강균 BS04，BS05，BS08균주화분리자미국백아유충화상천우유충적BH01，BI05위공시균주，이용 POTTER 분무탑대미국백아유충용1×108포자·mL －1적백강균포자현부액진행분무처리，축일관찰기재사망솔。대사선출적고독력균주용1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107화1×108포자·mL －1계렬농도적백강균포자현부액진행분무이측정기치사중농도 LC50。대사선출적고독력균주진행야외전간시험，공설치백강균 BH01적8×108포자현부액，4.5%고효록청국지2000배액화청수대조3개처리，용태산 ft-796형분무기진행분무，분별우처리후3，5화7천조사통계사망솔。【결과】BS08，BH01화 BI05균주접충미국백아유충8천후，기사망솔위70%～85%，이령외2개균주적치사솔부위32.61%화30.43%，기치사중시 LT50치역명현저우균주 BS04화 BS05。이용불동포자농도적현부액대미국백아유충진행접충，진일보측정료상술3개균주적치사중농도，균주 BH01적 LC50치위1.39×106포자·mL －1，명현저우균주 BS08화 BI05(분별위1.34×107화2.11×107포자·mL －1)。전간시험표명，처리7천후，BH01적방치효과체88.84%，여4.5%고효록경국지무명현차이。【결론】백강균 BH01균주적108포자·mL －1포자현부액대미국백아유충구유교고적독력，현시출용우방치미국백아유충적생방잠력。
[Objective]Hyphantria cunea ( Drury) is a serious destructive insect pest with widespread distribution in China. It usually lives and attacks fruit and ornamental trees,especially broad-leaved trees. The pest has become a big problem to agriculture and forestry in northern China. Up to now,control strategies for H. cunea populations still depend to a large extent on the use of insecticides. However,the resistance development to insecticides and the insecticide-caused environmental pollution stimulate people to search for safely alternative methods to control the pests. Beauveria bassiana, as one of the most common entomopathogenic fungi,has long been recognized as a potential biocontrol agent and actively been developed to control various pest insects. However,there is significant difference in pathogenicity among different strains of B. bassiana,and there exists obvious host specificity in different strains. Thus,it is feasible to enhance the specialization and the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to some kind of pests through artificial orientation training. The virulence of five B. bassiana isolates from different hosts or habitats to larvae of H. cunea was studied to exploit the potentiality of B. bassiana for controlling H. cunea. [Method] 5-instar larvae of H. cunea were used to investigate the effectiveness of five B. bassiana isolates,BS04,BS05 and BS08 from soil,BH01 from larvae of H. cunea,BI05 from larvae of Apriona germari (Hope). The larvae of H. cunea were sprayed with 1 × 108conidia·mL -1conidial suspension of diferent B. bassiana isolates using POTTER spray tower. Mortality was recorded daily for eight days. For the highly virulent isolates identified in the above bioassay,larvae were sprayed with five serial concentrations of conidia (1 × 104, 1 × 105 ,1 × 106 ,1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia · mL -1 ) to determine the lethal concentration ( LC50 ) . In the field experiment,there were three treatments,including 8 × 108 conidia·mL -1 of B. bassiana BH01,4. 5% β-cypermethrin 2000 times liquid and the water control. A Taishan ft-796 sprayer was used to routinely spray. The mortality was counted in 3,5 and 7 d post experiment,respectively. [Result]The isolates of BS08,BH01 and BI05 caused mortalities between 70% and 85% in eight days post-inoculation while the other two isolates only caused mortalities of 32 . 61% and 30 . 43%, respectively. The LT50 values of BH01,BS08 and BI05 were shorter significantly than that of the other two isolates. The LC50 values of BH01 (1. 39 × 106conidia·mL -1) was lower than that of BS08 and BI05 (1. 34 × 107and2. 11 × 107 conidia·mL -1). The field experiment showed that in seven days after treatment the control effect of BH01 (88. 84%) had no significant difference with that of 4. 5% β-cypermethrin. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that a suspension containing 108 conidia· mL -1 of a B. bassiana strain BH01 is highly virulent and has excellent potential for biological control of H. cunea.
