林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
9期
9-17
,共9页
秦爱丽%郭泉水%简尊吉%朱莉%裴顺祥%赵志禄%邢继畴
秦愛麗%郭泉水%簡尊吉%硃莉%裴順祥%趙誌祿%邢繼疇
진애려%곽천수%간존길%주리%배순상%조지록%형계주
崖柏%种子育苗%育苗基质%出苗率%苗木质量
崖柏%種子育苗%育苗基質%齣苗率%苗木質量
애백%충자육묘%육묘기질%출묘솔%묘목질량
Thuja sutchuenensis%seed seedling%nur sery substrate%germination rate%seedling quality
【目的】研究不同育苗基质对崖柏出苗率和幼苗生长的影响并探讨其影响机制，为崖柏种子繁殖和优质壮苗培育基质的选择提供参考。【方法】在重庆市雪宝山国家级自然保护区崖柏繁育圃，以森林腐殖土、耕作土、草炭土、珍珠岩和蛭石为基质原料，按体积比配制成3种育苗基质分别为耕作土∶森林腐殖土(1∶1)(FS)、草炭土(GS)和草炭土∶珍珠岩∶蛭石(1∶1∶1)(GPS)，采用种子催芽后条播方式，按照随机区组3次重复试验设计方法，布置育苗基质对崖柏种子育苗影响的田间试验。【结果】GPS 和 GS 比 FS 育苗基质的温度调节能力强，GPS 能够在温度较低的月份将基质温度调节到较高水平，GS能够在温度较高的月份将基质温度调节到较低水平；不同育苗基质土壤密度表现为 FS＞GS＞GPS；土壤持水量(包括最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量)与土壤密度的排序相反；不同基质的pH值差异显著，FS偏碱性，GS和GPS呈弱酸性；3种育苗基质都可满足崖柏幼苗对土壤肥力的基本需求，但含有草炭土的 GPS和草炭土 GS的土壤肥力较高；不同育苗基质的出苗率表现为 GS ＞GPS＞FS，GS 和GPS的差异不显著； FS的出苗率仅为 GS的23%，GPS的27%；在崖柏幼苗生长期间，对3次调查的平均苗高、地径、一级侧枝数、主根长、一级侧根数、平均单株地上和地下干质量这7个形态质量指标的隶属函数值计算及综合评判的结果表明，GPS育苗基质的苗木形态质量最优，其次是 GS，FS最差。【结论】GS的质地疏松、保水性能和透气性能良好，是崖柏出苗率较高的重要原因；不同基质水、肥、气、热等因素上的差异，以及各因素的协调能力是导致崖柏幼苗形态质量出现基质差别的重要原因。
【目的】研究不同育苗基質對崖柏齣苗率和幼苗生長的影響併探討其影響機製，為崖柏種子繁殖和優質壯苗培育基質的選擇提供參攷。【方法】在重慶市雪寶山國傢級自然保護區崖柏繁育圃，以森林腐殖土、耕作土、草炭土、珍珠巖和蛭石為基質原料，按體積比配製成3種育苗基質分彆為耕作土∶森林腐殖土(1∶1)(FS)、草炭土(GS)和草炭土∶珍珠巖∶蛭石(1∶1∶1)(GPS)，採用種子催芽後條播方式，按照隨機區組3次重複試驗設計方法，佈置育苗基質對崖柏種子育苗影響的田間試驗。【結果】GPS 和 GS 比 FS 育苗基質的溫度調節能力彊，GPS 能夠在溫度較低的月份將基質溫度調節到較高水平，GS能夠在溫度較高的月份將基質溫度調節到較低水平；不同育苗基質土壤密度錶現為 FS＞GS＞GPS；土壤持水量(包括最大持水量、毛管持水量、田間持水量)與土壤密度的排序相反；不同基質的pH值差異顯著，FS偏堿性，GS和GPS呈弱痠性；3種育苗基質都可滿足崖柏幼苗對土壤肥力的基本需求，但含有草炭土的 GPS和草炭土 GS的土壤肥力較高；不同育苗基質的齣苗率錶現為 GS ＞GPS＞FS，GS 和GPS的差異不顯著； FS的齣苗率僅為 GS的23%，GPS的27%；在崖柏幼苗生長期間，對3次調查的平均苗高、地徑、一級側枝數、主根長、一級側根數、平均單株地上和地下榦質量這7箇形態質量指標的隸屬函數值計算及綜閤評判的結果錶明，GPS育苗基質的苗木形態質量最優，其次是 GS，FS最差。【結論】GS的質地疏鬆、保水性能和透氣性能良好，是崖柏齣苗率較高的重要原因；不同基質水、肥、氣、熱等因素上的差異，以及各因素的協調能力是導緻崖柏幼苗形態質量齣現基質差彆的重要原因。
【목적】연구불동육묘기질대애백출묘솔화유묘생장적영향병탐토기영향궤제，위애백충자번식화우질장묘배육기질적선택제공삼고。【방법】재중경시설보산국가급자연보호구애백번육포，이삼림부식토、경작토、초탄토、진주암화질석위기질원료，안체적비배제성3충육묘기질분별위경작토∶삼림부식토(1∶1)(FS)、초탄토(GS)화초탄토∶진주암∶질석(1∶1∶1)(GPS)，채용충자최아후조파방식，안조수궤구조3차중복시험설계방법，포치육묘기질대애백충자육묘영향적전간시험。【결과】GPS 화 GS 비 FS 육묘기질적온도조절능력강，GPS 능구재온도교저적월빈장기질온도조절도교고수평，GS능구재온도교고적월빈장기질온도조절도교저수평；불동육묘기질토양밀도표현위 FS＞GS＞GPS；토양지수량(포괄최대지수량、모관지수량、전간지수량)여토양밀도적배서상반；불동기질적pH치차이현저，FS편감성，GS화GPS정약산성；3충육묘기질도가만족애백유묘대토양비력적기본수구，단함유초탄토적 GPS화초탄토 GS적토양비력교고；불동육묘기질적출묘솔표현위 GS ＞GPS＞FS，GS 화GPS적차이불현저； FS적출묘솔부위 GS적23%，GPS적27%；재애백유묘생장기간，대3차조사적평균묘고、지경、일급측지수、주근장、일급측근수、평균단주지상화지하간질량저7개형태질량지표적대속함수치계산급종합평판적결과표명，GPS육묘기질적묘목형태질량최우，기차시 GS，FS최차。【결론】GS적질지소송、보수성능화투기성능량호，시애백출묘솔교고적중요원인；불동기질수、비、기、열등인소상적차이，이급각인소적협조능력시도치애백유묘형태질량출현기질차별적중요원인。
[Objective] The effects of different substrates on Thuja sutchuenensis seedling growth and its influence mechanism were investigated to provide a reference for matrix selection of seed breeding and high quality seedling cultivation. [Method]The seed breeding test was carried out in breeding nursery,located in Xuebaoshan National Nature Reserve and completely randomized in design and repeated for three times. Seeds were first presoaked to enhance germination rate and then cultured on three different substrates: FS (Forest humus∶cultivated soil=1∶1),GS (peat) and GPS ( peat∶ vermiculite∶ pearlite =1∶1∶1 ) in line.[Result]Results indicated that: 1 ) Compared with substrate FS, substrates containing peat ( GS and GPS) were better at regulating soil temperature. More specially,substrate GPS could increase the soil temperature and play a temperature-keeping role during September to next March when the temperature is lower. While substrate GS could lower substrate temperature at a certain level during April to August when the atmosphere temperature is relatively higher. 2) Substrate FS had the highest soil bulk density,then GS,and then GPS. However,the soil water-holding capacity ( the soil maximum moisture capacity,the soil capillary moisture capacity and the soil non-capillary moisture capacity) was opposite (GPS >GS >FS). 3) The pH of three substrates were significantly different. The pH of substrate FS was weak alkaline ( 7. 48 ) ,while substrate GS and GPS with weak acid ( pH5. 07 and 5. 86 , respectively). 4) Although soil fertility of three substrates could meet the basic need of seedling growth,substrates (GS and GPS) had a higher soil fertility than substrate FS. Field garden emergence rate and the seedling quality accorded with the soil physical and chemical properties of different substrates. In field garden emergence rate,substrate GS was the highest,and then GPS and FS. The proportion of FS for GS and GPS was only 23% and 27%,respectively. The difference of field garden emergence rate between GS and GPS was not significant. 5 ) The survey of seven seedling morphological indices ( such as the seedling height,the ground diameter,the branch number,the length of principal root, the number of lateral root,theabove-ground and below-ground dry mass) investigation in three different stages and analysis of membership function value revealed that: substrate GPS had the best seedling quality, and then substrate GS.[Conclusion]The main reason for higher field garden emergence rate of substrates GS and GPS was their more loose soil texture,better water retention property and permeability than substrate FS. The mechanism of better quality seedlings for GS and GPS was their perfect coordination between water,fertilizer,gas and heat.
