CAJ | 학술논문

“楚歌”和“四面楚歌”的涵义基本相同。只是“四面楚歌”什么样子？鲜为人知。人们通常把“四面楚歌”只与公元前202年楚汉垓下之战事联系在一起。笔者以为公元前504年即楚昭王十二年，吴陷楚郢都（今江陵）时的移情歌也称“四面楚歌”。汉军或吴军，他们模仿“鸡人”，鸡鸣起唱，造成军士前呼后应、气吞山河的威武之势，产生强大的情感鼓动效果，导致楚军四面受敌、孤立无援、思亲恐惧而倒戈。“四面楚歌”由此得名。可以说，“四面楚歌”不单指公元前504年吴陷楚郢都吴军唱的动摇楚军心态的鸡鸣歌，公元前202年楚汉垓下之战汉军唱的动摇楚军心态的鸡鸣歌，它还泛指发生在楚屡次军事失利之前敌军群唱的一种心理战术的劝降的鸡鸣歌。
“초가”화“사면초가”적함의기본상동。지시“사면초가”십요양자？선위인지。인문통상파“사면초가”지여공원전202년초한해하지전사련계재일기。필자이위공원전504년즉초소왕십이년，오함초영도（금강릉）시적이정가야칭“사면초가”。한군혹오군，타문모방“계인”，계명기창，조성군사전호후응、기탄산하적위무지세，산생강대적정감고동효과，도치초군사면수활、고립무원、사친공구이도과。“사면초가”유차득명。가이설，“사면초가”불단지공원전504년오함초영도오군창적동요초군심태적계명가，공원전202년초한해하지전한군창적동요초군심태적계명가，타환범지발생재초루차군사실리지전활군군창적일충심리전술적권강적계명가。
“Chu Ge” and“Si Mian Chu Ge”mean basically the same. However,few people really know the meaning of “Si Mian Chu Ge”. People usually associate “Si Mian Chu Ge” with the war between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu at Gaixia in 202 BC. The author of this paper has thought that in 504 BC (on the 12 years during the reign of King Chu),when the State of Wu occupied Yingdu (now Jiangling)of the State of Chu,one of the song shaken the morale of the State of Chu army was also known as “Si Mian Chu Ge”. Han or Wu soldiers mimiced the“chicken man”,crowing in the morning,forming a powerful and ferocious momentum,which have a strong emotional agitation effect among the soldiers,causing Chu soldiers felt as if they had been surrounded by the enemy,isolated,frightened,and surrendered. Hence,the so-called“Si Mian Chu Ge”came into the language. It can be said that“Si Mian Chu Ge”not only refers to the cock crowing song sung by the soldiers of the State of Wu which shook the morale of the State of Chu army when they occupied the capital of State of Chu(Yingdu)in 504 BC,but also refers to the cock crowing song sung by Han soldiers led by Liu Bang which shook the morale of Chu army led by Xiang Yu at Gaixia in 202 BC. It can also refers to the cock crowing song characterized by psychological tactics which frequently sung by Han soldiers to persuade Chu soldiers to surrender.