CAJ | 학술논문

以不同牛场肥水灌溉制度下河北省徐水县梁家营长期定位施肥试验田为研究对象，通过构建氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的amoA 基因克隆文库，利用T-RFLP方法研究了5种施肥处理（CK：不施肥；CF：300 kg N·hm-2，120 kg P2O·hm-2，75 kg K2O·hm-2；T4：105 kg N·hm-2，39 kg P2O5·hm-2；T5：210 kg N·hm-2，78 kg P2O5·hm-2；T11：317 kg N·hm-2，117 kg P2O5·hm-2）下土壤中氨氧化细菌及氨氧化古菌的多样性及其群落结构演变。氨氧化细菌T-RFLP结果显示，T5处理土壤中氨氧化细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数（H′）和Pielou指数（E）均最高，T11处理最低，表明T5处理增加了土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰富度，T11处理一定程度上降低了氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰富度。基于amoA 基因建立的系统进化树显示，土壤中氨氧化细菌主要属于Nitrosospira和Nitrosomanas。氨氧化古菌T-RFLP结果显示，T11处理氨氧化古菌Shannon-Wiener指数（H′）、Simpson指数（Ds）和Pielou指数（E）均最高，表明T11处理增加了土壤中氨氧化古菌的多样性和丰富度。氨氧化古菌的系统发育树显示大部分氨氧化古菌amoA 序列与Cluster S聚为一类,且占主导地位，少数序列为Unclassified-Archaea（未分类古菌）。最大优势菌与来自中国荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃样品的氨氧化古菌Clone属于同种，推测牛场肥水灌溉增加了土壤的氨氧化古菌的群落多样性。
이불동우장비수관개제도하하북성서수현량가영장기정위시비시험전위연구대상，통과구건안양화세균화안양화고균적amoA 기인극륭문고，이용T-RFLP방법연구료5충시비처리（CK：불시비；CF：300 kg N·hm-2，120 kg P2O·hm-2，75 kg K2O·hm-2；T4：105 kg N·hm-2，39 kg P2O5·hm-2；T5：210 kg N·hm-2，78 kg P2O5·hm-2；T11：317 kg N·hm-2，117 kg P2O5·hm-2）하토양중안양화세균급안양화고균적다양성급기군락결구연변。안양화세균T-RFLP결과현시，T5처리토양중안양화세균적Shannon-Wiener지수（H′）화Pielou지수（E）균최고，T11처리최저，표명T5처리증가료토양중안양화세균적다양성화봉부도，T11처리일정정도상강저료안양화세균적다양성화봉부도。기우amoA 기인건립적계통진화수현시，토양중안양화세균주요속우Nitrosospira화Nitrosomanas。안양화고균T-RFLP결과현시，T11처리안양화고균Shannon-Wiener지수（H′）、Simpson지수（Ds）화Pielou지수（E）균최고，표명T11처리증가료토양중안양화고균적다양성화봉부도。안양화고균적계통발육수현시대부분안양화고균amoA 서렬여Cluster S취위일류,차점주도지위，소수서렬위Unclassified-Archaea（미분류고균）。최대우세균여래자중국하사탄내우류위양품적안양화고균Clone속우동충，추측우장비수관개증가료토양적안양화고균적군락다양성。
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle of N element, which is closely related to soil quality, greenhouse gas emissions and NO-3 leaching. Therefore, diversity and composition of soil AOB and AOA are valuable indicators for soil quality monitoring. In this study, the effects of five fertilization treatments, including control without fertilizers(CK), conventional fertilization(CF 300 kg N·hm-2)and three irrigation treatments with cattle farm effluent(T4 105 kg N· hm-2, T5 210 kg N·hm-2 and T11 317 kg N·hm-2), on the diversity and composition of AOA and AOB were determined through terminal re-striction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP)of aomA gene(encoding ammonia monooxygenase). Results showed that the diversity in-dices, Shannon-Wiener(H′)and Pielou(E), of AOB were the highest in the T5 treatment, while they were the lowest in the T11 treatment. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the AOB in the soil mainly belonged to Nitrosospira and Nitrosomanas. However, the indices of Shannon-Wiener(H′),Simpson(Ds)and Pielou(E)of AOA were the highest in the T11 treatment, but the lowest in the CF treatment. AOA aomA gene sequences showed that most sequences of AOA were clustered with Cluster S. The dominant AOB was similar to one species from the rumen of China Holstein cow, which was a clue of community evolution in cattle effluent irrigated farmland. The present re-sults indicate that cattle effluent irrigation could affect the diversity and abundance of soil AOA.