CAJ | 학술논문

探索根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响和作用规律，是提高根部微灌水效率的有效途径。该文研究了根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响。试验采用2种灌溉方式（地上滴灌和根部微灌）、2种灌水器（流量可调式灌水器和内镶贴片式滴灌带），测定各处理在3种灌水时长（5、15和30 min），在2种土壤（云南红壤土和黄沙土）时的土壤水分含量。结果表明：1）灌水器种类与土壤类型、灌水器种类与灌水时长对土壤水分有极显著的交互作用（P＜0.01），但三者之间没有显著交互作用（P＞0.05）；2）流量可调式灌水器四周配有8个水平出水孔，其灌溉水在2种土壤中向四周渗出的水平宽度都较宽（25 cm左右），而内镶贴片式滴灌带只有1个向下单孔，灌溉水向四周渗出的水平宽度均较窄（16 cm左右）；3）在红壤土中，根部微灌内镶贴片式滴灌带的高含水率区域更接近于作物根部区域，而地上滴灌的高含水率区域基本上集中在花盆土壤的上部区域；4）在红壤土中，基质势对灌溉水的运移起主要作用，而在黄沙土中重力势起主要作用；5）在红壤土中，灌水时间越短，土壤面积百分比为70%时对应的区域越集中在较窄的和较低的土壤含水率区段，且各区段是连续的，灌水30 min时，它所对应的土壤含水率区段最宽，土壤水分分布均匀性也最高；在黄沙土中，随着灌水时间的增加，土壤面积百分比为70%时所对应的土壤含水率区段范围大，且黄沙土所对应的分布区段大于红壤土，表明红壤土水分分布不均，而黄沙土水分分布较均匀。该文为提高根部微灌系统使用效率提供理论依据。
탐색근부미관수기류형대토양수분분포적영향화작용규률，시제고근부미관수효솔적유효도경。해문연구료근부미관수기류형대토양수분분포적영향。시험채용2충관개방식（지상적관화근부미관）、2충관수기（류량가조식관수기화내양첩편식적관대），측정각처리재3충관수시장（5、15화30 min），재2충토양（운남홍양토화황사토）시적토양수분함량。결과표명：1）관수기충류여토양류형、관수기충류여관수시장대토양수분유겁현저적교호작용（P＜0.01），단삼자지간몰유현저교호작용（P＞0.05）；2）류량가조식관수기사주배유8개수평출수공，기관개수재2충토양중향사주삼출적수평관도도교관（25 cm좌우），이내양첩편식적관대지유1개향하단공，관개수향사주삼출적수평관도균교착（16 cm좌우）；3）재홍양토중，근부미관내양첩편식적관대적고함수솔구역경접근우작물근부구역，이지상적관적고함수솔구역기본상집중재화분토양적상부구역；4）재홍양토중，기질세대관개수적운이기주요작용，이재황사토중중력세기주요작용；5）재홍양토중，관수시간월단，토양면적백분비위70%시대응적구역월집중재교착적화교저적토양함수솔구단，차각구단시련속적，관수30 min시，타소대응적토양함수솔구단최관，토양수분분포균균성야최고；재황사토중，수착관수시간적증가，토양면적백분비위70%시소대응적토양함수솔구단범위대，차황사토소대응적분포구단대우홍양토，표명홍양토수분분포불균，이황사토수분분포교균균。해문위제고근부미관계통사용효솔제공이론의거。
It is important to explore the effect of different root micro emitters on soil water distribution, which improves the efficiency of root micro irrigation system. The influence of micro emitter type on soil water distribution was studied in this paper. Two different irrigation systems (surface drip irrigation and root micro irrigation), two different irrigation emitter types (flow adjustable irrigation emitter and drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch) and three different irrigation times (5, 15 and 30 minutes) were applied on the Yunnan red loam and the yellow sand soils. Soil moisture was determined. The results showed that there was a very significant interaction between the emitter type and the soil type, the emitter type and the irrigation time (P<0.01), but there was no significant interaction between the three (P> 0.05). The flow adjustable irrigation emitter has 8 horizontal drainage holes. The horizontal width of the irrigation water in the 2 soils was both wide (about 25 cm). The drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch has a downward single hole. The horizontal width of the irrigation water in the 2 soils was both narrow (about 16 cm). Therefore, for the wide root extension of crops, the application of the flow adjustable irrigation emitter should be more suitable, on the contrary, the drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch are used instead. In the Yunnan red loam, the areas with higher water content for the root micro-irrigation using belt embedded with inner patch were more close to those of crop roots, the areas with higher water content for the surface drip irrigation basically concentrated on the upper part of the soil of the flower pot. Therefore, compared to the surface drip irrigation, water loss due to evaporation in root irrigation greatly reduced. In the Yunnan red loam, the matric potential to the movement of irrigation water played the main role and water was easy to sink; In yellow sand soil, the gravitational potential to the movement of irrigation water played a main role which could cause the deep percolation of water. In the Yunnan red loam, the soil moisture areas corresponding to 70% of the total area mostly had the narrow and low water content when the irrigation time was short. And each section was continuous. The range of the soil moisture section corresponding to 70% of the total area was the widest in the 3 irrigation times. And the uniformity of soil water distribution was also the highest; in the yellow sand soil, with the increase of irrigation time, the range of the soil moisture content section corresponding to 70% of the total area was larger than that in Yunnan red loam. This showed that sections with low and high soil moisture content were in the majority with uneven distribution in Yunnan red loam. And the sections with middle soil moisture content were in the majority with even distribution in yellow sand soil. This paper provides valuble information for increasing water use efficiency in the roots of micro-irrigation system.