CAJ | 학술논문

马铃薯微型薯常用栽培基质中，草炭是不可再生的，可供利用的资源有限。蛭石一般可使用一年，重复利用率低，且生产成本高。在马铃薯微型薯栽培基质中，玉米秸秆基质还未得到有效利用，玉米秸秆资源丰富，价格低廉。该试验对玉米秸秆基质在马铃薯微型薯生产上的应用效果进行了研究，通过比较分析试验结果，以期找到玉米秸秆在马铃薯微型薯栽培基质上较适宜的应用比例。该试验以马铃薯‘春薯四号’脱毒苗为试验材料，将玉米秸秆进行发酵腐熟，草炭过1 cm筛后，用玉米秸秆、草炭、蛭石、沙子、田园土5种基质材料按照不同体积比混配成6种复合基质，分别为M1（草炭：蛭石=1：1）、M2（玉米秸秆：草炭：蛭石=1：1：2）、M3（玉米秸秆：草炭：沙子=1：3：4）、M4（玉米秸秆：草炭：沙子=1：1：2）、M5（玉米秸秆：沙子：田园土=3：4：1）、M6（玉米秸秆：田园土=3：2）。基质材料按比例混配均匀后使用50%的多来宝可湿性粉剂500倍液和50%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液进行杀虫灭菌。将试验棚内土地耙平整，地面上方铺设防虫网，用砖砌9个2.4 m×1 m（长×宽）的试验槽，槽间过道宽40 cm，将每个试验槽分隔成2个面积相等的试验小区，共18个，每个小区面积1.2 m2。采用随机区组试验设计，设3次重复试验。马铃薯脱毒苗定植前在试验棚上方放置透光率为50%的遮阳网，待马铃薯脱毒苗缓苗期过后将其取下。从马铃薯脱毒苗定植开始每隔15 d进行随机采样，测定指标，分析比较6种不同配比基质对马铃薯脱毒苗形态指标株高、茎粗、叶片数、茎节数、地上部分及地下部分鲜质量的影响，及生理指标叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、叶绿素总量、根系活力的影响。结果表明：M2（玉米秸秆：草炭：蛭石=1：1：2）的更有利于马铃薯脱毒苗的生长，缓苗时间短，植株较健壮，其中株高、茎粗、地下部鲜质量增长量多于其他基质，叶绿素a、叶绿素总量增长稳定且优于其他基质，可以有效地为微型薯的生长发育积累更多营养物质。馬鈴藷微型藷常用栽培基質中，草炭是不可再生的，可供利用的資源有限。蛭石一般可使用一年，重複利用率低，且生產成本高。在馬鈴藷微型藷栽培基質中，玉米秸稈基質還未得到有效利用，玉米秸稈資源豐富，價格低廉。該試驗對玉米秸稈基質在馬鈴藷微型藷生產上的應用效果進行瞭研究，通過比較分析試驗結果，以期找到玉米秸稈在馬鈴藷微型藷栽培基質上較適宜的應用比例。該試驗以馬鈴藷‘春藷四號’脫毒苗為試驗材料，將玉米秸稈進行髮酵腐熟，草炭過1 cm篩後，用玉米秸稈、草炭、蛭石、沙子、田園土5種基質材料按照不同體積比混配成6種複閤基質，分彆為M1（草炭：蛭石=1：1）、M2（玉米秸稈：草炭：蛭石=1：1：2）、M3（玉米秸稈：草炭：沙子=1：3：4）、M4（玉米秸稈：草炭：沙子=1：1：2）、M5（玉米秸稈：沙子：田園土=3：4：1）、M6（玉米秸稈：田園土=3：2）。基質材料按比例混配均勻後使用50%的多來寶可濕性粉劑500倍液和50%的多菌靈可濕性粉劑1000倍液進行殺蟲滅菌。將試驗棚內土地耙平整，地麵上方鋪設防蟲網，用磚砌9箇2.4 m×1 m（長×寬）的試驗槽，槽間過道寬40 cm，將每箇試驗槽分隔成2箇麵積相等的試驗小區，共18箇，每箇小區麵積1.2 m2。採用隨機區組試驗設計，設3次重複試驗。馬鈴藷脫毒苗定植前在試驗棚上方放置透光率為50%的遮暘網，待馬鈴藷脫毒苗緩苗期過後將其取下。從馬鈴藷脫毒苗定植開始每隔15 d進行隨機採樣，測定指標，分析比較6種不同配比基質對馬鈴藷脫毒苗形態指標株高、莖粗、葉片數、莖節數、地上部分及地下部分鮮質量的影響，及生理指標葉綠素 a、葉綠素 b、葉綠素總量、根繫活力的影響。結果錶明：M2（玉米秸稈：草炭：蛭石=1：1：2）的更有利于馬鈴藷脫毒苗的生長，緩苗時間短，植株較健壯，其中株高、莖粗、地下部鮮質量增長量多于其他基質，葉綠素a、葉綠素總量增長穩定且優于其他基質，可以有效地為微型藷的生長髮育積纍更多營養物質。
마령서미형서상용재배기질중，초탄시불가재생적，가공이용적자원유한。질석일반가사용일년，중복이용솔저，차생산성본고。재마령서미형서재배기질중，옥미갈간기질환미득도유효이용，옥미갈간자원봉부，개격저렴。해시험대옥미갈간기질재마령서미형서생산상적응용효과진행료연구，통과비교분석시험결과，이기조도옥미갈간재마령서미형서재배기질상교괄의적응용비례。해시험이마령서‘춘서사호’탈독묘위시험재료，장옥미갈간진행발효부숙，초탄과1 cm사후，용옥미갈간、초탄、질석、사자、전완토5충기질재료안조불동체적비혼배성6충복합기질，분별위M1（초탄：질석=1：1）、M2（옥미갈간：초탄：질석=1：1：2）、M3（옥미갈간：초탄：사자=1：3：4）、M4（옥미갈간：초탄：사자=1：1：2）、M5（옥미갈간：사자：전완토=3：4：1）、M6（옥미갈간：전완토=3：2）。기질재료안비례혼배균균후사용50%적다래보가습성분제500배액화50%적다균령가습성분제1000배액진행살충멸균。장시험붕내토지파평정，지면상방포설방충망，용전체9개2.4 m×1 m（장×관）적시험조，조간과도관40 cm，장매개시험조분격성2개면적상등적시험소구，공18개，매개소구면적1.2 m2。채용수궤구조시험설계，설3차중복시험。마령서탈독묘정식전재시험붕상방방치투광솔위50%적차양망，대마령서탈독묘완묘기과후장기취하。종마령서탈독묘정식개시매격15 d진행수궤채양，측정지표，분석비교6충불동배비기질대마령서탈독묘형태지표주고、경조、협편수、경절수、지상부분급지하부분선질량적영향，급생리지표협록소 a、협록소 b、협록소총량、근계활력적영향。결과표명：M2（옥미갈간：초탄：질석=1：1：2）적경유리우마령서탈독묘적생장，완묘시간단，식주교건장，기중주고、경조、지하부선질량증장량다우기타기질，협록소a、협록소총량증장은정차우우기타기질，가이유효지위미형서적생장발육적루경다영양물질。
Peat and vermiculite are usually used as cultivation substrates to produce potato mini tubers but the peat is non-renewable resource. There is no enough peat that can be used as cultivation substrate to produce potato mini tubers. The vermiculite is used as substrate material for one year usually. When we use vermiculite as cultivation substrate to produce potato, we may spend more money because the repetition utilization rate of the vermiculite is low and the vermiculite is expensive. Corn stalk resource is rich and its price is low, however, corn stalk as cultivation substrate has not been used efficiently in potato mini tubers cultivation. In order to make full use of the corn stalk, we carried out the experiments. This experiment studied the application effect of corn stalk substrate in the production of potato mini tubers. Through the comparative analysis of the test results, we hope we can find out more suitable application ratio of cultivation substrate for producing potato mini tubers. This paper took the potato Chunshu No.4 virus-free seedling and 5 different substrates including corn stalk, peat, vermiculite, sand and soil as experimental materials. We used the corn stalk through fermentation treatment. We sieved the peat by 1 cm aperture. These 5 kinds of substrates were mixed in various ratios to form 6 compound substrates: M1 (peat : vermiculite=1:1), M2 (corn stalk : peat : vermiculite=1:1:2), M3 (corn stalk : peat : sand=1:3:4), M4 (corn stalk : peat : sand=1:1:2), M5 (corn stalk : sand : soil:3:4:1) and M6 (corn stalk : soil=3:2). We used the 500 times liquid of 50% wettable powder of Duolaibao pesticide and the 1000 times liquid of 50% wettable powder of Duojunling fungicide for insecticidal sterilization after the substrate materials were mixed evenly in various ratios. Before the experiment, we made the land leveling in the greenhouse and put insect-proof screen on the land. We used the bricks to make 9 test flumes. The length of the test flume was 2.4 m and the width was 1 m. The passage was 40 cm between the test flumes. We divided the test flume into 2 experiment plots with equal area. There were 18 experiment plots. The area of each experiment plot was 1.2 m2. Random block method was used in the experiment and the tests were repeated three times. Before the potato virus-free seedlings were planted, we put the sunshade net with the transmittance of 50% above the greenhouse. We took down the sunshade net after the rejuvenation period of the potato virus-free seedlings. Starting from the time that the potato virus-free seedlings were planted in the greenhouse, random sampling was carried out every half a month. The effects of 6 kinds of substrates with different ratios on the form and physiology of the potato virus-free seedlings were analyzed and compared. The form indicators of the potato virus-free seedlings included plant height, stalk width, leaf number, stem number, above-ground mass and root mass, and the physiology indicators of the potato virus-free seedlings included chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and root activity. The results indicate that M2 (corn stalk : peat : vermiculite=1:1:2) is better than the other experiment substrates, on plant height, stalk width, above-ground fresh mass, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, and provides more nutrients for potato mini tubers during the period of growth.