CAJ | 학술논문

目前国内外采用的玉米摘穗装置均存在着籽粒破损率高、含杂率高和功率消耗大等问题，为解决上述问题，该文采用模仿人工收获玉米果穗的方式，设计了仿生玉米掰穗装置。首先进行拉力测试试验，分别在静态与动态2种条件下对传统摘穗方式与仿生掰穗方式收获玉米果穗所需力进行测量，验证仿生掰穗方式可行性；然后设计仿生玉米掰穗装置试验台并进行掰穗速度与功率消耗的综合试验，得到掰穗手速度与纯功率消耗的关系。试验表明：静态传统摘穗方式与仿生掰穗方式收获玉米果穗平均所需力分别为435和41.4 N。动态传统摘穗方式与仿生掰穗方式收获果穗平均所需力分别202.5和20.7 N。仿生掰穗比传统摘穗所需力大大减少。与传统玉米收获装置相比（正常工作速度1.2 m/s），该装置功率消耗低，约为36 W，小于传统一对摘穗辊消耗的纯功率（240 W）。该研究为玉米收获机摘穗部件的改进提供了参考。
목전국내외채용적옥미적수장치균존재착자립파손솔고、함잡솔고화공솔소모대등문제，위해결상술문제，해문채용모방인공수획옥미과수적방식，설계료방생옥미배수장치。수선진행랍력측시시험，분별재정태여동태2충조건하대전통적수방식여방생배수방식수획옥미과수소수력진행측량，험증방생배수방식가행성；연후설계방생옥미배수장치시험태병진행배수속도여공솔소모적종합시험，득도배수수속도여순공솔소모적관계。시험표명：정태전통적수방식여방생배수방식수획옥미과수평균소수력분별위435화41.4 N。동태전통적수방식여방생배수방식수획과수평균소수력분별202.5화20.7 N。방생배수비전통적수소수력대대감소。여전통옥미수획장치상비（정상공작속도1.2 m/s），해장치공솔소모저，약위36 W，소우전통일대적수곤소모적순공솔（240 W）。해연구위옥미수획궤적수부건적개진제공료삼고。
Corn has already been the first major grain crop in China and its planting area is growing quickly. Compared to the wheat mechanical harvesting, corn mechanical harvesting level is very low. For traditional corn harvesting machine, snapping device most snaps corn ear. It makes extrusion or nibbling on the corn ear caused by snapping roller, leading to the high loss rate. It hinders the development of mechanization. As the subsidies on agriculture are generous in recent years, corn harvesters have been developed rapidly. But there are also many problems that can’t be solved in current corn harvesters, such as high grain damage rate, high impurity rate and high power consumption. So a new way to pick up corn is needed urgently. In order to solve these current problems, our research team designs the bionic device of breaking corn ears. This design’s inspiration is from artificially picking up corn ears; people pick up corn ears from top to bottom, and this way does not have the problem of hurting corn ears, so we break through the traditional way and use a new way to design this device. The working principle of this device is that power is provided by the speed regulating motor. After driving sprocket drives the power, the left driving wheel for breaking ears rotates clockwise and the right driving wheel for breaking ears rotates counterclockwise. The breaking ear hands move from the top to the bottom in the breaking ears space, which does not allow the corn ears to cross the space, and when the hands touch the corn ear, they will pick up it. Many tests have already been done to prove the feasibility of the device. First we do the single-factor tests, and we test the force required by picking up corn ears in the traditional way and the bionic way respectively under the static and dynamic condition. In traditional way we fix the corn on the equipment along the direction of plant growth, and in bionic way we fix the corn on the equipment against the direction of plant growth; under static condition we provide tension slowly, under dynamic condition we provide tension suddenly, we analyze the data and get the relationship between them; and then we do the power consumption test that is used by bionic device of breaking corn ears. We do the test in laboratory in which the device can’t move but corn plants move; we design a device system and fix the corn plants in the track that can be driven by motor, and the traveling speed is set as 1.0 m/s. The speed of breaking corn ears hand is different, and the ko camera is used to record the test process and the power meter is used to record the power consumption. Finally we get the relationship between the speed of breaking corn ears hand and the pure power consumption. Tests show that the force required in the bionic way is significantly reduced, which is only one tenth of the traditional way, and this is decided by physiological characteristics of corn; compared with the current corn harvesters with snapping rollers or snapping boards, this device does not hurt corn ears and consumes less power, which is only one sixth of the snapping rollers’ power consumption; and the relationship between the pure power consumption and speed of breaking corn ears hand is quadratic function.