【目的】氮是作物生长发育所需的主要营养元素,随着宁夏引黄灌区农业生产集约化程度不断提高,氮肥投入亦不断增加,由此导致的土壤板结及氮素利用率低等问题日益突显。鉴于生物炭在改良土壤及提高氮肥利用方面的潜在可行性,本文通过大田试验研究添加不同用量生物炭对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响,为生物炭在该地区的应用提供参考和依据。【方法】以宁夏灌区具有代表性的集约化水稻田为研究对象,以宁粳43号水稻为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,施氮量设常规施氮量(N 300, N 300 kg/hm2)和不施氮(N0)2个水平；生物炭设高量炭(C3,9000 kg/hm2)、中量炭(C2,6750 kg/hm2)、低量炭(C1,4500 kg/hm2)和不施炭(C0)4个水平。旨在明确添加生物炭对灌淤土基本理化性质、水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。【结果】1)添加生物炭种植一季水稻后对灌淤土土壤含水量没有明显影响,土壤pH值亦没有发生明显变化。2)施加氮肥情况下,C3处理较C0处理可显著提高灌淤土全氮、全磷和速效钾含量,但对速效磷含量没有影响,C2和C3处理下土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾都没有明显差异,但二者全氮和速效钾含量要显著高于C1处理；不施肥情况下,除C3和C2处理显著增加土壤速效钾含量外,其余处理对土壤养分含量没有影响。3)生物炭和氮肥配施可以显著增加水稻籽粒产量,并随生物炭用量(45009000 kg/hm2)增加而增高,增产率在15．26%44．89%之间,水稻籽粒产量与生物炭用量呈显著正相关关系( r=0．962),水稻株高和穗粒数也随生物炭用量增多而增加,同时,水稻地上部总吸氮量随生物炭用量增加而增加, C3处理较C0处理提高66．27 kg/hm2,各处理之间差异显著；不施氮肥情况下,添加生物炭(45009000 kg/hm2)对水稻籽粒产量没有显著影响,对水稻产量构成因素的影响亦不明显, C1和C2处理可以显著提高水稻地上部总吸氮量,但C3处理对总吸氮量影响不明显,同时各施炭处理之间无显著差异。4)生物炭和氮肥配施时,氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率均表现为随生物炭用量增加而增加,C3较C0处理氮肥农学效率提高10．87 kg/kg,氮肥利用率提高22．09个百分点。【结论】生物炭和氮肥配施可以提高宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量,本试验以施用9000 kg/hm2(C3)的生物炭产量最高(增产率达44．89%),同时水稻株高和穗粒数也随生物炭用量增多而增加,生物炭和氮肥配施,氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率随生物炭用量增加而增加；不施氮肥情况下,添加生物炭对水稻产量没有显著影响,对水稻产量构成因素的影响亦不明显。。
【目的】氮是作物生長髮育所需的主要營養元素,隨著寧夏引黃灌區農業生產集約化程度不斷提高,氮肥投入亦不斷增加,由此導緻的土壤闆結及氮素利用率低等問題日益突顯。鑒于生物炭在改良土壤及提高氮肥利用方麵的潛在可行性,本文通過大田試驗研究添加不同用量生物炭對水稻產量和氮素利用率的影響,為生物炭在該地區的應用提供參攷和依據。【方法】以寧夏灌區具有代錶性的集約化水稻田為研究對象,以寧粳43號水稻為試驗材料,採用裂區試驗設計,施氮量設常規施氮量(N 300, N 300 kg/hm2)和不施氮(N0)2箇水平；生物炭設高量炭(C3,9000 kg/hm2)、中量炭(C2,6750 kg/hm2)、低量炭(C1,4500 kg/hm2)和不施炭(C0)4箇水平。旨在明確添加生物炭對灌淤土基本理化性質、水稻產量及氮素利用率的影響。【結果】1)添加生物炭種植一季水稻後對灌淤土土壤含水量沒有明顯影響,土壤pH值亦沒有髮生明顯變化。2)施加氮肥情況下,C3處理較C0處理可顯著提高灌淤土全氮、全燐和速效鉀含量,但對速效燐含量沒有影響,C2和C3處理下土壤全氮、全燐、速效燐和速效鉀都沒有明顯差異,但二者全氮和速效鉀含量要顯著高于C1處理；不施肥情況下,除C3和C2處理顯著增加土壤速效鉀含量外,其餘處理對土壤養分含量沒有影響。3)生物炭和氮肥配施可以顯著增加水稻籽粒產量,併隨生物炭用量(45009000 kg/hm2)增加而增高,增產率在15．26%44．89%之間,水稻籽粒產量與生物炭用量呈顯著正相關關繫( r=0．962),水稻株高和穗粒數也隨生物炭用量增多而增加,同時,水稻地上部總吸氮量隨生物炭用量增加而增加, C3處理較C0處理提高66．27 kg/hm2,各處理之間差異顯著；不施氮肥情況下,添加生物炭(45009000 kg/hm2)對水稻籽粒產量沒有顯著影響,對水稻產量構成因素的影響亦不明顯, C1和C2處理可以顯著提高水稻地上部總吸氮量,但C3處理對總吸氮量影響不明顯,同時各施炭處理之間無顯著差異。4)生物炭和氮肥配施時,氮肥農學效率和氮肥利用率均錶現為隨生物炭用量增加而增加,C3較C0處理氮肥農學效率提高10．87 kg/kg,氮肥利用率提高22．09箇百分點。【結論】生物炭和氮肥配施可以提高寧夏引黃灌區水稻產量,本試驗以施用9000 kg/hm2(C3)的生物炭產量最高(增產率達44．89%),同時水稻株高和穗粒數也隨生物炭用量增多而增加,生物炭和氮肥配施,氮肥農學效率和氮肥利用率隨生物炭用量增加而增加；不施氮肥情況下,添加生物炭對水稻產量沒有顯著影響,對水稻產量構成因素的影響亦不明顯。。
【목적】담시작물생장발육소수적주요영양원소,수착저하인황관구농업생산집약화정도불단제고,담비투입역불단증가,유차도치적토양판결급담소이용솔저등문제일익돌현。감우생물탄재개량토양급제고담비이용방면적잠재가행성,본문통과대전시험연구첨가불동용량생물탄대수도산량화담소이용솔적영향,위생물탄재해지구적응용제공삼고화의거。【방법】이저하관구구유대표성적집약화수도전위연구대상,이저갱43호수도위시험재료,채용렬구시험설계,시담량설상규시담량(N 300, N 300 kg/hm2)화불시담(N0)2개수평；생물탄설고량탄(C3,9000 kg/hm2)、중량탄(C2,6750 kg/hm2)、저량탄(C1,4500 kg/hm2)화불시탄(C0)4개수평。지재명학첨가생물탄대관어토기본이화성질、수도산량급담소이용솔적영향。【결과】1)첨가생물탄충식일계수도후대관어토토양함수량몰유명현영향,토양pH치역몰유발생명현변화。2)시가담비정황하,C3처리교C0처리가현저제고관어토전담、전린화속효갑함량,단대속효린함량몰유영향,C2화C3처리하토양전담、전린、속효린화속효갑도몰유명현차이,단이자전담화속효갑함량요현저고우C1처리；불시비정황하,제C3화C2처리현저증가토양속효갑함량외,기여처리대토양양분함량몰유영향。3)생물탄화담비배시가이현저증가수도자립산량,병수생물탄용량(45009000 kg/hm2)증가이증고,증산솔재15．26%44．89%지간,수도자립산량여생물탄용량정현저정상관관계( r=0．962),수도주고화수립수야수생물탄용량증다이증가,동시,수도지상부총흡담량수생물탄용량증가이증가, C3처리교C0처리제고66．27 kg/hm2,각처리지간차이현저；불시담비정황하,첨가생물탄(45009000 kg/hm2)대수도자립산량몰유현저영향,대수도산량구성인소적영향역불명현, C1화C2처리가이현저제고수도지상부총흡담량,단C3처리대총흡담량영향불명현,동시각시탄처리지간무현저차이。4)생물탄화담비배시시,담비농학효솔화담비이용솔균표현위수생물탄용량증가이증가,C3교C0처리담비농학효솔제고10．87 kg/kg,담비이용솔제고22．09개백분점。【결론】생물탄화담비배시가이제고저하인황관구수도산량,본시험이시용9000 kg/hm2(C3)적생물탄산량최고(증산솔체44．89%),동시수도주고화수립수야수생물탄용량증다이증가,생물탄화담비배시,담비농학효솔화담비이용솔수생물탄용량증가이증가；불시담비정황하,첨가생물탄대수도산량몰유현저영향,대수도산량구성인소적영향역불명현。。
Objectives]Nitrogen is a main nutrient required for crop growth and development. With the increased intensity of agricultural production in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region, nitrogen consumption has increased continuously, resulting in increasingly prominent problems such as soil compaction and low nitrogen utilization rates. In light of potential feasibility of biochar in improvement of soil and nitrogen utilization rate, effects of different biochar levels on rice yield and nitrogen utilization rates were investigated in field tests to provide a reference for biochar application in this region.[Methods]Representative intensive rice fields in Ningxia irrigated areaa were used in this study. The rice variety Ningjing No. 43 was used as the test material, and a split-plot experiment was performed. Two nitrogen application rates, conventional ( N300, N300 kg/hm2 ) and no nitrogen application(N0), were employed, and four biochar levels, high(C3, 9000 kg/hm2), moderate(C2, 6750 kg/hm2), low(C1, 4500 kg/hm2)and no biochar(C0), were applied. The tests aimed to confirm impacts of biochar application on physical and chemical properties of anthropogenic-alluvial soil, rice yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. [Results]1)The biochar application has no significant effect on the moisture contents of anthropogenic-alluvial soil after one rice planting season. The moisture contents of various soil layers under the same treatment are not significantly different. Soil pH values are also not changed significantly. 2 ) When the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the C3 treatment significantly improves the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium contents in anthropogenic-alluvial soil, and has no effect on the available phosphorus content, compared with the C0 treatment. The soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and available phosphorus in the C2 treatment are not significantly different from those in the C3 treatment, while the soil total nitrogen and available potassium of these two groups are significantly higher than the same variables in the C1 group. When fertilization is not performed, only the C3 and C2 treatments significantly increase the available potassium, and the other treatments have no effect on soil nutrient contents. 3)The combined application of biochar(4500-9000 kg/hm2)and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increases the grain yield of rice, which is increased with the increase of biochar use amount, and the increased grain yields range from 15. 26% to 44. 89%. The grain yield of rice is significantly and positively correlated with the biochar application ( r = 0. 962 ) . The plant height and grain number are also increased with the biochar application. Furthermore, the total nitrogen uptake in the aboveground parts of rice is increased with the biochar application, the C3 treatment increases the nitrogen uptake by 66. 27 kg/hm2 over that of the C0 treatment, and significant differences are observed between the various treatment groups. When the nitrogen fertilizer is not used, the biochar addition(4500-9000 kg/hm2 ) has no significant effect on the grain yield of rice and the yield components of rice. The C1 and C2 treatments, but not the C3 treatment, significantly increase the total nitrogen uptakes in the aboveground parts of rice, and no significant differences are observed between the various carbon application groups. 4 ) Under the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, both the agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency are increased with the biochar application. Compared to C0 treatment, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 10. 87 kg/kg and nitrogen use efficiency by 22. 09 percentage points in C3 treatment.[Conclusions]The combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer can increase the rice yield in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region. In this experiment, the application of 9000 kg/hm2 biochar(C3)achieves the highest yield increase(44. 89%). The plant height and grain number are also increased with the biochar application. The agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency are also increased with the biochar consumption. However, the biochar addition without the nitrogen application has no significant effect on the yield and yield components of rice.
