植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
2015年
5期
1328-1335
,共8页
赵亚芳%徐福利%王渭玲%王国兴%陈钦程%赵海燕%马亚娟
趙亞芳%徐福利%王渭玲%王國興%陳欽程%趙海燕%馬亞娟
조아방%서복리%왕위령%왕국흥%진흠정%조해연%마아연
华北落叶松%林龄%碳%氮%磷%季节动态
華北落葉鬆%林齡%碳%氮%燐%季節動態
화북락협송%림령%탄%담%린%계절동태
Larix principis-rupprechtii%stand age%C%N%P%seasonal dynamics
【目的】碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)在林木的生长发育中有着重要作用,三者的含量变化和元素比值控制着林木的营养和生长状况。本研究主要分析了秦岭山区同一树种不同林龄叶片的C、N、P含量及化学计量比随季节变化的规律,为林木施肥管理提供依据。【方法】在林木生长季的不同月份(2012年5月到10月每月中旬),对秦岭5年生(5 a)、10年生(10 a)、20年生(20 a)3种林龄的华北落叶松针叶进行定期采集,并测定不同月份各林龄针叶的C、N、P含量和化学计量比值,对不同林龄不同生长季华北落叶松针叶的C、N、P及C ∶N、C ∶P、N ∶P的动态变化进行分析,并对其C ∶N与氮含量、C ∶P与磷含量进行相关性分析。【结果】1)3种林龄针叶的碳含量从生长初期(56月)到生长旺盛期(78月)逐渐增加,生长末期(89月)逐渐降低,但到落叶期(10月)又小幅回升。2)3种林龄华北落叶松针叶的氮含量在整个生长季内(510月)均呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,各林龄针叶氮含量升高和降低的时间存在差异,5 a和20 a林龄的针叶N含量从6月到生长旺盛期(7月、8月)基本上保持上升趋势,而10 a林龄针叶的氮含量67月份先逐渐降低,79月份急剧升高,落叶前期到落叶(910月)这段时间3种林龄针叶的N含量均急剧下降为最低值。3)3种林龄针叶磷含量在整个生长季节内的变化趋势基本一致,均先降低后升高再降低最终维持稳定。4)5 a、10 a和20 a林龄的华北落叶松在生长季节内针叶的C ∶N变化范围分别为21．8356．42、18．4358．49和22．5487．83,变异系数分别达到了37．74%、42．05%和68．42%,随着树龄的增长其变异系数逐渐增大。5)5 a、10 a、20 a林龄的华北落叶松在生长季节内针叶C ∶P的变化范围分别为169．17402．85、180．54395．01和213．02398．75,变异系数依次为31．35%、31．43%和22．88%。6)针叶的N ∶P,5 a、10 a、20 a在生长季节内的变化范围分别为6．7715．42、6．3820．13和4．4414．45,变异系数分别为39．65%、50．86%和33．03%。7)各林龄针叶的C、N、P平均含量以及各比值之间的差异均不显著( P>0．05)。【结论】3种林龄的华北落叶松针叶的C ∶N、C ∶P均与相应的N、P含量呈显著负相关(P<0．05),随着N、P含量的变化以对数方程的形式减小。同时发现,氮是秦岭地区幼、中林龄华北落叶松生长的主要限制性因子,土壤中的氮养分不足会制约林木的生长,因此对本研究区的土壤应及时补充氮肥以满足华北落叶松正常生长的营养需求。
【目的】碳(C)、氮(N)和燐(P)在林木的生長髮育中有著重要作用,三者的含量變化和元素比值控製著林木的營養和生長狀況。本研究主要分析瞭秦嶺山區同一樹種不同林齡葉片的C、N、P含量及化學計量比隨季節變化的規律,為林木施肥管理提供依據。【方法】在林木生長季的不同月份(2012年5月到10月每月中旬),對秦嶺5年生(5 a)、10年生(10 a)、20年生(20 a)3種林齡的華北落葉鬆針葉進行定期採集,併測定不同月份各林齡針葉的C、N、P含量和化學計量比值,對不同林齡不同生長季華北落葉鬆針葉的C、N、P及C ∶N、C ∶P、N ∶P的動態變化進行分析,併對其C ∶N與氮含量、C ∶P與燐含量進行相關性分析。【結果】1)3種林齡針葉的碳含量從生長初期(56月)到生長旺盛期(78月)逐漸增加,生長末期(89月)逐漸降低,但到落葉期(10月)又小幅迴升。2)3種林齡華北落葉鬆針葉的氮含量在整箇生長季內(510月)均呈現先降低後升高再降低的趨勢,各林齡針葉氮含量升高和降低的時間存在差異,5 a和20 a林齡的針葉N含量從6月到生長旺盛期(7月、8月)基本上保持上升趨勢,而10 a林齡針葉的氮含量67月份先逐漸降低,79月份急劇升高,落葉前期到落葉(910月)這段時間3種林齡針葉的N含量均急劇下降為最低值。3)3種林齡針葉燐含量在整箇生長季節內的變化趨勢基本一緻,均先降低後升高再降低最終維持穩定。4)5 a、10 a和20 a林齡的華北落葉鬆在生長季節內針葉的C ∶N變化範圍分彆為21．8356．42、18．4358．49和22．5487．83,變異繫數分彆達到瞭37．74%、42．05%和68．42%,隨著樹齡的增長其變異繫數逐漸增大。5)5 a、10 a、20 a林齡的華北落葉鬆在生長季節內針葉C ∶P的變化範圍分彆為169．17402．85、180．54395．01和213．02398．75,變異繫數依次為31．35%、31．43%和22．88%。6)針葉的N ∶P,5 a、10 a、20 a在生長季節內的變化範圍分彆為6．7715．42、6．3820．13和4．4414．45,變異繫數分彆為39．65%、50．86%和33．03%。7)各林齡針葉的C、N、P平均含量以及各比值之間的差異均不顯著( P>0．05)。【結論】3種林齡的華北落葉鬆針葉的C ∶N、C ∶P均與相應的N、P含量呈顯著負相關(P<0．05),隨著N、P含量的變化以對數方程的形式減小。同時髮現,氮是秦嶺地區幼、中林齡華北落葉鬆生長的主要限製性因子,土壤中的氮養分不足會製約林木的生長,因此對本研究區的土壤應及時補充氮肥以滿足華北落葉鬆正常生長的營養需求。
【목적】탄(C)、담(N)화린(P)재림목적생장발육중유착중요작용,삼자적함량변화화원소비치공제착림목적영양화생장상황。본연구주요분석료진령산구동일수충불동림령협편적C、N、P함량급화학계량비수계절변화적규률,위림목시비관리제공의거。【방법】재림목생장계적불동월빈(2012년5월도10월매월중순),대진령5년생(5 a)、10년생(10 a)、20년생(20 a)3충림령적화북락협송침협진행정기채집,병측정불동월빈각림령침협적C、N、P함량화화학계량비치,대불동림령불동생장계화북락협송침협적C、N、P급C ∶N、C ∶P、N ∶P적동태변화진행분석,병대기C ∶N여담함량、C ∶P여린함량진행상관성분석。【결과】1)3충림령침협적탄함량종생장초기(56월)도생장왕성기(78월)축점증가,생장말기(89월)축점강저,단도락협기(10월)우소폭회승。2)3충림령화북락협송침협적담함량재정개생장계내(510월)균정현선강저후승고재강저적추세,각림령침협담함량승고화강저적시간존재차이,5 a화20 a림령적침협N함량종6월도생장왕성기(7월、8월)기본상보지상승추세,이10 a림령침협적담함량67월빈선축점강저,79월빈급극승고,락협전기도락협(910월)저단시간3충림령침협적N함량균급극하강위최저치。3)3충림령침협린함량재정개생장계절내적변화추세기본일치,균선강저후승고재강저최종유지은정。4)5 a、10 a화20 a림령적화북락협송재생장계절내침협적C ∶N변화범위분별위21．8356．42、18．4358．49화22．5487．83,변이계수분별체도료37．74%、42．05%화68．42%,수착수령적증장기변이계수축점증대。5)5 a、10 a、20 a림령적화북락협송재생장계절내침협C ∶P적변화범위분별위169．17402．85、180．54395．01화213．02398．75,변이계수의차위31．35%、31．43%화22．88%。6)침협적N ∶P,5 a、10 a、20 a재생장계절내적변화범위분별위6．7715．42、6．3820．13화4．4414．45,변이계수분별위39．65%、50．86%화33．03%。7)각림령침협적C、N、P평균함량이급각비치지간적차이균불현저( P>0．05)。【결론】3충림령적화북락협송침협적C ∶N、C ∶P균여상응적N、P함량정현저부상관(P<0．05),수착N、P함량적변화이대수방정적형식감소。동시발현,담시진령지구유、중림령화북락협송생장적주요한제성인자,토양중적담양분불족회제약림목적생장,인차대본연구구적토양응급시보충담비이만족화북락협송정상생장적영양수구。
[Objectives]Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) play an important role in forests growth. The contents and ratios of C, N and P element reflect the nutritional status and healthy growth of forests. The objective of this research was to explore the seasonal variations of C, N, P contents in the leaves in different ages, so to provide a basis for the academic mamgement of the artificial forests. [Methods]Three different ages, namely 5 years old (5 a) , 10 years old (10 a) and 20 years old (20 a) of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Qinling Mountains were chosen as experimental materials. Leaf samples were collected in different growth phases in the middle of a month from May to October in 2012. The C, N, P contents and stoichiometry were monitored. Seasonal dynamics of leaf C, N, P contents and C ∶N, C ∶P, N ∶P mass ratios in different ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii were analyzed. Data were also analyzed by correlation analysis between N content and C ∶N and P content and C ∶P .[Results] 1 ) C content of these three ages increased gradually from growth stage ( May to June ) to the vigorous growth period ( July to August) ,then decreased at growth anaphase ( August to September) , but there had been a slight pick-up in the defoliation (October). 2) The N content of three ages increased first, then decreased and went up again throughout the growing season ( May to October) . The increasing or reducing time among three ages was different. 5 a and 20 a maintained the upward trend basically from June to vigorous growth period, while the N content of 10 a decreased first from June to July, and then increased sharply from July to September. The N content of three ages decreased sharply to the lowest value from early defoliation to defoliation. 3) The P content of three ages kept the same trend throughout the growing season. They all decreased first, then increased and decreased again, finally they kept stable. 4) Seasonal dynamics of leaf C ∶N mass ratios in three ages were different. C ∶N mass ratios in 5 a, 10 a and 20 a varied in the range of 21. 83-56. 42, 18. 43-58. 49 and 22. 54-87. 83, respectively. The values of coefficient of variation ( CV) were 37. 74%, 42. 05% and 68. 42%, respectively. The value of CV increased gradually along with increasing age. 5) C ∶P mass ratios of needles in 5 a, 10 a and 20 a varied in the range of 169. 17-402. 85, 180. 54-395. 01 and 213. 02-398. 75, respectively. The values of CV were 31. 35%, 31. 43% and 22. 88%, respectively. 6) N ∶P mass ratios of leaf in 5 a, 10 a and 20 a varied in the range of 6. 77-15. 42, 6. 38-20. 13 and 4. 44-14. 45, respectively. The values of CV were 39. 65%, 50. 86% and 33. 03%, respectively. 7 ) C, N, P content and stoichiometry had relationships with the age of Larix principis-rupprechtii, but the differences among the ages in average C, N, P content and their ratios were not significant( P>0. 05 ) .[Conclusions] Correlation analysis indicated that C ∶N mass ratio and C ∶P mass ratio were negatively correlated with corresponding N, P content in different ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii. Furthermore, N is a restrictive factor for young and middle-aged Larix principis-rupprechtii of Qinling Mountains during its growth and development. The growth of trees was restricted by the shortage of soil nitrogen. N fertilizer should be timely supplied in this place to meet the nutritional needs of the normal growth of Larix principis rupprechtii.
