植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
2015年
5期
1294-1303
,共10页
杨苞梅%李国良%杨少海%何兆桓%周昌敏%姚丽贤
楊苞梅%李國良%楊少海%何兆桓%週昌敏%姚麗賢
양포매%리국량%양소해%하조환%주창민%요려현
荔枝%钾氮养分含量比例%耐贮性
荔枝%鉀氮養分含量比例%耐貯性
려지%갑담양분함량비례%내저성
Litchi%K2 O/N ratio%mineral element%storability
【目的】在广东省惠州市荔枝主产区，于20092012年连续3年研究不同钾氮养分比例对荔枝果实矿质元素含量的影响及其与耐贮性的关系，以期为荔枝高产优质高效栽培与耐贮增值的科学施肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】在大田栽培条件下，以1995年嫁接苗种植的国内主栽品种妃子笑为试材，设钾氮不同施用比例( K2 O/N分别为0．6、0．8、1．0、1．2和1．4)5个处理，分别用K0．6 N、K0．8 N、K1．0 N、K1．2 N、K1．4 N表示。在荔枝收获期测定果实矿质元素含量，并进行室温(25±1°C)自然贮藏试验，每2d采样测定相关贮藏指标。【结果】1)随着K2 O/N比的提高，荔枝外果皮钾(K)、硼(B)含量呈下降趋势，内果皮K含量呈先下降后增加，果肉K、内外果皮和果肉钙(Ca)、内果皮B含量均呈现先增加后下降，果核Ca含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势。2)随着K2 O/N比的提高，内外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca、K/B比均呈先下降后增加，外果皮Ca/B比呈增加的趋势。3)内果皮K含量与果实好果率呈极显著负相关，外果皮Ca、内果皮B含量与果实好果率呈显著或极显著正相关。内、外果皮K含量与果皮细胞膜透性呈显著正相关，外果皮Ca含量与果皮细胞膜透性呈显著负相关。内、外果皮K含量与多酚氧化酶( PPO)、过氧化物酶( POD)活性呈显著正相关，而内、外果皮Ca含量则与两种酶活性呈显著负相关。4)内、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca和K/B比与果实好果率呈显著或极显著负相关，与果皮细胞膜透性、PPO和POD活性均呈显著或极显著正相关，而Ca/B比则完全相反。【结论】荔枝生产中合理调控钾、氮养分施用比例( K2 O/N)，不仅可以提高内、外果皮的Ca/B比值，还有利于降低内、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca和K/B的比值，对提高果实耐贮性具有重要作用。本试验条件和施肥方法下， K2 O/N的施用比例以1．2∶1时能最大限度地满足优良耐贮性能适宜的养分含量及比例。
【目的】在廣東省惠州市荔枝主產區，于20092012年連續3年研究不同鉀氮養分比例對荔枝果實礦質元素含量的影響及其與耐貯性的關繫，以期為荔枝高產優質高效栽培與耐貯增值的科學施肥技術提供理論依據。【方法】在大田栽培條件下，以1995年嫁接苗種植的國內主栽品種妃子笑為試材，設鉀氮不同施用比例( K2 O/N分彆為0．6、0．8、1．0、1．2和1．4)5箇處理，分彆用K0．6 N、K0．8 N、K1．0 N、K1．2 N、K1．4 N錶示。在荔枝收穫期測定果實礦質元素含量，併進行室溫(25±1°C)自然貯藏試驗，每2d採樣測定相關貯藏指標。【結果】1)隨著K2 O/N比的提高，荔枝外果皮鉀(K)、硼(B)含量呈下降趨勢，內果皮K含量呈先下降後增加，果肉K、內外果皮和果肉鈣(Ca)、內果皮B含量均呈現先增加後下降，果覈Ca含量呈現逐漸增加的趨勢。2)隨著K2 O/N比的提高，內外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca、K/B比均呈先下降後增加，外果皮Ca/B比呈增加的趨勢。3)內果皮K含量與果實好果率呈極顯著負相關，外果皮Ca、內果皮B含量與果實好果率呈顯著或極顯著正相關。內、外果皮K含量與果皮細胞膜透性呈顯著正相關，外果皮Ca含量與果皮細胞膜透性呈顯著負相關。內、外果皮K含量與多酚氧化酶( PPO)、過氧化物酶( POD)活性呈顯著正相關，而內、外果皮Ca含量則與兩種酶活性呈顯著負相關。4)內、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca和K/B比與果實好果率呈顯著或極顯著負相關，與果皮細胞膜透性、PPO和POD活性均呈顯著或極顯著正相關，而Ca/B比則完全相反。【結論】荔枝生產中閤理調控鉀、氮養分施用比例( K2 O/N)，不僅可以提高內、外果皮的Ca/B比值，還有利于降低內、外果皮K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca和K/B的比值，對提高果實耐貯性具有重要作用。本試驗條件和施肥方法下， K2 O/N的施用比例以1．2∶1時能最大限度地滿足優良耐貯性能適宜的養分含量及比例。
【목적】재광동성혜주시려지주산구，우20092012년련속3년연구불동갑담양분비례대려지과실광질원소함량적영향급기여내저성적관계，이기위려지고산우질고효재배여내저증치적과학시비기술제공이론의거。【방법】재대전재배조건하，이1995년가접묘충식적국내주재품충비자소위시재，설갑담불동시용비례( K2 O/N분별위0．6、0．8、1．0、1．2화1．4)5개처리，분별용K0．6 N、K0．8 N、K1．0 N、K1．2 N、K1．4 N표시。재려지수획기측정과실광질원소함량，병진행실온(25±1°C)자연저장시험，매2d채양측정상관저장지표。【결과】1)수착K2 O/N비적제고，려지외과피갑(K)、붕(B)함량정하강추세，내과피K함량정선하강후증가，과육K、내외과피화과육개(Ca)、내과피B함량균정현선증가후하강，과핵Ca함량정현축점증가적추세。2)수착K2 O/N비적제고，내외과피K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca、K/B비균정선하강후증가，외과피Ca/B비정증가적추세。3)내과피K함량여과실호과솔정겁현저부상관，외과피Ca、내과피B함량여과실호과솔정현저혹겁현저정상관。내、외과피K함량여과피세포막투성정현저정상관，외과피Ca함량여과피세포막투성정현저부상관。내、외과피K함량여다분양화매( PPO)、과양화물매( POD)활성정현저정상관，이내、외과피Ca함량칙여량충매활성정현저부상관。4)내、외과피K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca화K/B비여과실호과솔정현저혹겁현저부상관，여과피세포막투성、PPO화POD활성균정현저혹겁현저정상관，이Ca/B비칙완전상반。【결론】려지생산중합리조공갑、담양분시용비례( K2 O/N)，불부가이제고내、외과피적Ca/B비치，환유리우강저내、외과피K/Ca、Mg/Ca、( Mg+K)/Ca화K/B적비치，대제고과실내저성구유중요작용。본시험조건화시비방법하， K2 O/N적시용비례이1．2∶1시능최대한도지만족우량내저성능괄의적양분함량급비례。
[Objectives]Three years field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of application ratios of K2 O and N on mineral element contents in fruits of litchi, and their correlation to the storage.[Method]Under field cultivation conditions, seedlings of litchi cultivar “Feizixiao”, the main domestic grafted seedlings in 1995, were selected as the testing material, field experiments with different ratios of potassium and nitrogen ( K2 O/N:0. 6 , 0. 8 , 1. 0 , 1. 2 and 1. 4 ) were conducted in the main litchi plant region of Guangdong from 2009 to 2012 , with random numbering of districts. The litchi fruit samples were collected to measure contents of mineral elements and used for a natural storage experiment was carried out at room temperature ( 25 ± 1 ° C ) , samples were taken every 2 days to determine related indexes.[Results]1)With the increase of K2O/N ratio,the K and B contents in the epicarp of litchi are decreased;the K content in theendocarp is decreased firstly then increased; the K content in the pulp, the Ca contents in the epicarp, endocarp and pulp, the B content in the endocarp are all increased firstly and then decreased;and the Ca content in the core is gradually increased. 2)With the increase of K2O/N ratio, the K/Ca, Mg/Ca,( Mg+K)/Ca and K/B ratios in the epicarp and endocarp are all decreased firstly and then increased,and the Ca/B ratio in the epicarp is increased. 3 ) The K content in the endocarp is significantly negatively correlated with the healthy fruit rate, and the Ca content in the epicarp and B content in the endocarp have positive correlation or significant positive correlation with the healthy fruit rate. The K contents in the epicarp and endocarp are significantly and positively correlated with the relative leakage rate of the peel, whilethe Ca content in the epicarp is significantly and negatively correlated with the relative leakage rate of peel. The K contents in the epicarp and endocarp have significant positive correlations with the PPO and POD activities of the peel, while the Ca contents in the epicarp and endocarp are significantly negatively correlated with the PPO and POD activities of the peel. 4)The K/Ca、Mg/Ca、(Mg+K)/Ca and K/B ratios in the epicarp and endocarp are negative or significantly negative correlated with the healthy fruit rate, while positive or significantly positive correlated with the relative leakage rate, the PPO activity and POD activity of the peel. The relation of Ca/B ratio with the above indexes is in the contrary. [Conclusion]Reasonable potassium and nitrogen application ratios(K2O/N)not only can improve the epicarp and endocarp Ca/B ratio, but also can reduce the epicarp and endocarp K/Ca, Mg/Ca, ( Mg+K)/Ca, and K/B. In the experimental condifions and fertilization methods, the K2 O/N ratio of 1. 2/1 could best satify the nutrient contents and ratio requirement for good storage properly.
