CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】选用合适的锌肥以及合理的施肥方式不仅可以提高小麦籽粒锌营养品质,还可以提高石灰性土壤的锌肥利用率。因此,研究不同锌源和施肥方式对石灰性土壤中锌组分含量以及锌肥利用率的影响具有重要意义。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置两种锌源(水溶态锌肥ZnSO4·7H2 O和螯合态锌肥Zn-EDTA)全层混匀均施和表面条施两种方式,调查了土壤中交换态Zn( Ex-Zn)、松结有机态Zn( LOM-Zn)、碳酸盐结合态Zn( Carb-Zn)、氧化锰结合态Zn(OxMn-Zn)、紧结有机态Zn(TOM-Zn)5种形态锌的含量,分析了小麦对锌肥的利用率。【结果】全层混匀均施与表面条施,两种锌肥均增加了小麦籽粒和秸秆Zn含量,全层均施ZnSO4·7H2 O处理的籽粒Zn含量比对照提高43%,均施和表面条施Zn-EDTA的籽粒Zn含量分别比对照提高57%和75%；Zn-EDTA均施和条施的锌肥利用率分别为6．5%和5．3%,ZnSO4·7H2 O均施和条施的锌肥利用率分别为3．6%和1．3%。小麦收获后,条施ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA的施锌区有效锌含量分别为9．25和1．97 mg/kg,分别为均施处理的2倍和1．8倍；与对照相比,ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA条施及均施的4个处理均增加了土壤中各形态锌的含量,并且4个处理与对照土壤中各形态Zn含量的规律一致,即：松结有机态>碳酸盐结合态>紧结有机态>氧化锰结合态>交换态。均施ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA 2个处理的交换态Zn含量分别为0．12和0．13 mg/kg,条施分别为0．38和0．54 mg/kg；均施处理松结有机态Zn含量分别为5．26和1．56 mg/kg；不同处理碳酸盐结合态Zn含量变化趋势与松结有机态Zn含量基本一致；条施ZnSO4·7H2 O施肥区氧化锰结合态Zn含量为对照的4倍,不同处理的土壤中紧结有机态Zn含量变化规律与氧化锰结合态Zn含量变化规律相似。相关分析表明,土壤交换态Zn、松结有机态Zn和碳酸盐结合态Zn含量均与有效锌含量呈显著正相关关系,与不施锌肥相比,Zn-EDTA施入土壤后,小麦收获后松结有机态Zn和碳酸盐结合态Zn含量明显增加,而紧结有机态Zn则相对减少。【结论】潜在缺锌石灰性土壤上施用螯合态锌肥Zn-EDTA能显著增加土壤中潜在有效的锌组分以及锌肥利用率,而且施用螯合态锌肥后,较高的有效锌含量可以维持至小麦收获后,有效提高了锌肥利用率。与均施处理相比,条施这种集中施用的施肥方法可以增加近根系土壤中有效性较高的锌形态含量。【目的】選用閤適的鋅肥以及閤理的施肥方式不僅可以提高小麥籽粒鋅營養品質,還可以提高石灰性土壤的鋅肥利用率。因此,研究不同鋅源和施肥方式對石灰性土壤中鋅組分含量以及鋅肥利用率的影響具有重要意義。【方法】採用盆栽試驗,設置兩種鋅源(水溶態鋅肥ZnSO4·7H2 O和螯閤態鋅肥Zn-EDTA)全層混勻均施和錶麵條施兩種方式,調查瞭土壤中交換態Zn( Ex-Zn)、鬆結有機態Zn( LOM-Zn)、碳痠鹽結閤態Zn( Carb-Zn)、氧化錳結閤態Zn(OxMn-Zn)、緊結有機態Zn(TOM-Zn)5種形態鋅的含量,分析瞭小麥對鋅肥的利用率。【結果】全層混勻均施與錶麵條施,兩種鋅肥均增加瞭小麥籽粒和秸稈Zn含量,全層均施ZnSO4·7H2 O處理的籽粒Zn含量比對照提高43%,均施和錶麵條施Zn-EDTA的籽粒Zn含量分彆比對照提高57%和75%；Zn-EDTA均施和條施的鋅肥利用率分彆為6．5%和5．3%,ZnSO4·7H2 O均施和條施的鋅肥利用率分彆為3．6%和1．3%。小麥收穫後,條施ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA的施鋅區有效鋅含量分彆為9．25和1．97 mg/kg,分彆為均施處理的2倍和1．8倍；與對照相比,ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA條施及均施的4箇處理均增加瞭土壤中各形態鋅的含量,併且4箇處理與對照土壤中各形態Zn含量的規律一緻,即：鬆結有機態>碳痠鹽結閤態>緊結有機態>氧化錳結閤態>交換態。均施ZnSO4·7H2 O和Zn-EDTA 2箇處理的交換態Zn含量分彆為0．12和0．13 mg/kg,條施分彆為0．38和0．54 mg/kg；均施處理鬆結有機態Zn含量分彆為5．26和1．56 mg/kg；不同處理碳痠鹽結閤態Zn含量變化趨勢與鬆結有機態Zn含量基本一緻；條施ZnSO4·7H2 O施肥區氧化錳結閤態Zn含量為對照的4倍,不同處理的土壤中緊結有機態Zn含量變化規律與氧化錳結閤態Zn含量變化規律相似。相關分析錶明,土壤交換態Zn、鬆結有機態Zn和碳痠鹽結閤態Zn含量均與有效鋅含量呈顯著正相關關繫,與不施鋅肥相比,Zn-EDTA施入土壤後,小麥收穫後鬆結有機態Zn和碳痠鹽結閤態Zn含量明顯增加,而緊結有機態Zn則相對減少。【結論】潛在缺鋅石灰性土壤上施用螯閤態鋅肥Zn-EDTA能顯著增加土壤中潛在有效的鋅組分以及鋅肥利用率,而且施用螯閤態鋅肥後,較高的有效鋅含量可以維持至小麥收穫後,有效提高瞭鋅肥利用率。與均施處理相比,條施這種集中施用的施肥方法可以增加近根繫土壤中有效性較高的鋅形態含量。
【목적】선용합괄적자비이급합리적시비방식불부가이제고소맥자립자영양품질,환가이제고석회성토양적자비이용솔。인차,연구불동자원화시비방식대석회성토양중자조분함량이급자비이용솔적영향구유중요의의。【방법】채용분재시험,설치량충자원(수용태자비ZnSO4·7H2 O화오합태자비Zn-EDTA)전층혼균균시화표면조시량충방식,조사료토양중교환태Zn( Ex-Zn)、송결유궤태Zn( LOM-Zn)、탄산염결합태Zn( Carb-Zn)、양화맹결합태Zn(OxMn-Zn)、긴결유궤태Zn(TOM-Zn)5충형태자적함량,분석료소맥대자비적이용솔。【결과】전층혼균균시여표면조시,량충자비균증가료소맥자립화갈간Zn함량,전층균시ZnSO4·7H2 O처리적자립Zn함량비대조제고43%,균시화표면조시Zn-EDTA적자립Zn함량분별비대조제고57%화75%；Zn-EDTA균시화조시적자비이용솔분별위6．5%화5．3%,ZnSO4·7H2 O균시화조시적자비이용솔분별위3．6%화1．3%。소맥수획후,조시ZnSO4·7H2 O화Zn-EDTA적시자구유효자함량분별위9．25화1．97 mg/kg,분별위균시처리적2배화1．8배；여대조상비,ZnSO4·7H2 O화Zn-EDTA조시급균시적4개처리균증가료토양중각형태자적함량,병차4개처리여대조토양중각형태Zn함량적규률일치,즉：송결유궤태>탄산염결합태>긴결유궤태>양화맹결합태>교환태。균시ZnSO4·7H2 O화Zn-EDTA 2개처리적교환태Zn함량분별위0．12화0．13 mg/kg,조시분별위0．38화0．54 mg/kg；균시처리송결유궤태Zn함량분별위5．26화1．56 mg/kg；불동처리탄산염결합태Zn함량변화추세여송결유궤태Zn함량기본일치；조시ZnSO4·7H2 O시비구양화맹결합태Zn함량위대조적4배,불동처리적토양중긴결유궤태Zn함량변화규률여양화맹결합태Zn함량변화규률상사。상관분석표명,토양교환태Zn、송결유궤태Zn화탄산염결합태Zn함량균여유효자함량정현저정상관관계,여불시자비상비,Zn-EDTA시입토양후,소맥수획후송결유궤태Zn화탄산염결합태Zn함량명현증가,이긴결유궤태Zn칙상대감소。【결론】잠재결자석회성토양상시용오합태자비Zn-EDTA능현저증가토양중잠재유효적자조분이급자비이용솔,이차시용오합태자비후,교고적유효자함량가이유지지소맥수획후,유효제고료자비이용솔。여균시처리상비,조시저충집중시용적시비방법가이증가근근계토양중유효성교고적자형태함량。
[Objectives]Proper sources and application methods of Zn can improve grain Zn nutritional quality and Zn utilization efficiency. Therefore, the effect of two Zn fertilizers and two application methods on Zn fractions and Zn use efficiency were investigated in potentially Zn-deficient calcareous soil. [Methods] A greenhouse pot experiment with two Zn sources(Zn-EDTA and ZnSO4·7H2O)and two application methods(mixed with whole soilin a pot, and top dressed in 3 cm wide banding below wheat ) experiment was conducted. The contents of five different Zn fractions were analyzed, and the Zn fertilizer efficiency of wheat was calculated.[Results] Both Zn-EDTA and ZnSO4 ·7H2 O increased the grain and straw Zn concentration. The grain Zn concentration was increased by 43% in the mixed ZnSO4 ·7H2O application, and by 57% and 75% in the mixed and banded Zn-EDTA applications, respectively. The Zn utilization efficiency was 6. 5% and 5. 3% in the mixed and banded Zn-EDTA applications, 3. 6% and 1. 3% in the mixed and banded ZnSO4 · 7H2 O applications. After harvest, the soil available Zn were 9. 25 mg/kg and 1. 97 mg/kg with banded application of Zn-EDTA and ZnSO4 ·7H2 O, which were 2 and 1. 8 times of those with the mixed applications. Both ZnSO4 ·7H2O and Zn-EDTA increased the contents of all the five Zn fractions, which were all in the order of loose organic matter Zn( LOM-Zn)> carbonate bonded Zn(Carb-Zn)> tight organic matter bound Zn(TOM-Zn)> manganese oxide bound Zn(OxMn-Zn)>exchangeable Zn( Ex-Zn) . The exchangeable Zn concentration of the mixed ZnSO4 and Zn-EDTA applications were 0. 12 and 0. 13 mg/kg, respectively. The LOM-Zn concentration of banded ZnSO4 · 7H2 O and Zn-EDTA applications were respectively 5. 26 and 1. 56 mg/kg. The trends for carbonate-Zn and loose organic matter-Zn concentrations in the mixed and banded ZnSO4 ·7H2O applications were similar. Manganese oxide bound Zn concentration with the banded Zn application was 4 times of that in the control. The soil available Zn concentrations were positively correlated with the Ex-Zn, LOM-Zn and Carb-Zn concentrations. Compared to no Zn application, the concentrations of LOM-Zn and Carb-Zn were significantly increased, while that of TOM-Zn was decreased with the application of Zn-EDTA. [Conclusions] In the potentially Zn-deficient calcareous soil, the application of Zn-EDTA could increase the contents of potentially available Zn and the Zn utilization efficiency, and there was higher available Zn concentration to sustain plant available Zn until wheat harvest after the application of chelating Zn fertilizer. Thus, it increased Zn utilization efficiency. The banded application treatments produced the higher available Zn fractions near the wheat roots than the mixed application treatments.