中国农村水利水电
中國農村水利水電
중국농촌수이수전
China Rural Water and Hydropower
2015年
9期
119-122,127
,共5页
喀斯特峡谷%气候干旱%水资源利用%技术与模式
喀斯特峽穀%氣候榦旱%水資源利用%技術與模式
객사특협곡%기후간한%수자원이용%기술여모식
Karst gorge%arid climate%,water resource%technique and model
为解决气候极度干旱条件下喀斯特峡谷地区农村饮用安全问题，以贵州花江示范区为例，分析了不同干旱情景下水资源利用方式及其供需平衡情况。结果显示：研究区一般干旱持续时间为4个月，水窖（池）雨季存储表层泉点水量约1．29万m3，靠此能满足人畜饮水（1．11万m3）需求；但气候极端干旱持续时间超过8个月，降雨减少，地表水水量衰减快，可蓄存水量为一般干旱年份的55％，仅能支撑到2月中旬，极度缺水时间约75 d。为此，通过机井方式在附近区找到极度干旱情形下流量稳定的地下水，采取“集中引水，分散供水”，市场化统一管理方式，保证了研究区3850人极度干旱条件下饮水安全。其成本远低于分散的小微型蓄水工程投资总和，是考虑极度干旱情景下喀斯特山区解决饮水安全的有效方式。
為解決氣候極度榦旱條件下喀斯特峽穀地區農村飲用安全問題，以貴州花江示範區為例，分析瞭不同榦旱情景下水資源利用方式及其供需平衡情況。結果顯示：研究區一般榦旱持續時間為4箇月，水窖（池）雨季存儲錶層泉點水量約1．29萬m3，靠此能滿足人畜飲水（1．11萬m3）需求；但氣候極耑榦旱持續時間超過8箇月，降雨減少，地錶水水量衰減快，可蓄存水量為一般榦旱年份的55％，僅能支撐到2月中旬，極度缺水時間約75 d。為此，通過機井方式在附近區找到極度榦旱情形下流量穩定的地下水，採取“集中引水，分散供水”，市場化統一管理方式，保證瞭研究區3850人極度榦旱條件下飲水安全。其成本遠低于分散的小微型蓄水工程投資總和，是攷慮極度榦旱情景下喀斯特山區解決飲水安全的有效方式。
위해결기후겁도간한조건하객사특협곡지구농촌음용안전문제，이귀주화강시범구위례，분석료불동간한정경하수자원이용방식급기공수평형정황。결과현시：연구구일반간한지속시간위4개월，수교（지）우계존저표층천점수량약1．29만m3，고차능만족인축음수（1．11만m3）수구；단기후겁단간한지속시간초과8개월，강우감소，지표수수량쇠감쾌，가축존수량위일반간한년빈적55％，부능지탱도2월중순，겁도결수시간약75 d。위차，통과궤정방식재부근구조도겁도간한정형하류량은정적지하수，채취“집중인수，분산공수”，시장화통일관리방식，보증료연구구3850인겁도간한조건하음수안전。기성본원저우분산적소미형축수공정투자총화，시고필겁도간한정경하객사특산구해결음수안전적유효방식。
In order to solve the safety problem of rural drinking water in Karst gorge areas ,this paper analyzes water resources utili‐zation and balance between supply and demand in different drought conditions by taking Huajiang gorge demonstration area in Guizhou as an example ,.The results show that the general drought duration of the study area is about 4 months ,cistern (pool) could storage about 12 900 m3 surface water in rainy seasons ,which can meet the demand of drinking water for people and livestock (11 100 m3 ) .However ,with the decrease in rainfall ,extreme arid duration exceeds 8 months ,the surface water can decay quickly , and only 55% of water in dry years can be stored ,which can barely last until mid-February .Therefore ,there is a water shortage pe‐riod of about 75 days .Thus ,it is significant to find groundwater by taking advantage of“Concentrated water diversion ,decentralized water supply” to ensure 3 850 people's drinking water safety in extreme drought conditions through a unified market management mode .Its cost is much lower than the sum of project investment of small and micro storage .And it is an effective way to solve the problem of drinking water safety under extreme drought conditions in Karst mountainous areas .
