CAJ | 학술논문

本质主义思维方式是传统哲学理解“人”的主要思维方式，这一方式的特点在于，将对人的理解诉诸于实体化的、先于具体个人而存在的抽象的“人”以及人的本质上。这种思维方式造成了对人的现实存在及其丰富生命特性的忽视和遮蔽，阻碍了对人的真实个性的理解。马克思对这种遮蔽人的真实个性的思维方式进行了批判与消解，从而还原了人的真实生命存在，为人开启了切实理解其本性的全新哲学视域，进而为人类实现自由个性创造了思维方式层面的基础和前提。马克思的这一批判，是通过对“一切社会关系的总和”这一人的现实本质的自觉而实现的。
본질주의사유방식시전통철학리해“인”적주요사유방식，저일방식적특점재우，장대인적리해소제우실체화적、선우구체개인이존재적추상적“인”이급인적본질상。저충사유방식조성료대인적현실존재급기봉부생명특성적홀시화차폐，조애료대인적진실개성적리해。마극사대저충차폐인적진실개성적사유방식진행료비판여소해，종이환원료인적진실생명존재，위인개계료절실리해기본성적전신철학시역，진이위인류실현자유개성창조료사유방식층면적기출화전제。마극사적저일비판，시통과대“일절사회관계적총화”저일인적현실본질적자각이실현적。
Essentialism is a major thinking mode of traditional philosophies to understand humani-ty,the feature of which is that the understanding of humanity depends on the substantive and ab-stract “person”and human’s essence rather than the concrete individual.This way of thinking has resulted in the neglect of man’s real existence and its life characteristics,which has hindered the understanding of people’s true personality.Marx criticized and eliminated this neglect,re-stored the existence of human’s real life,and opened up new philosophical horizons to understand human nature,which were the thinking basis and premise to realize free individuality.This critique of Marx was based on the understanding of the human nature of “the sum of all social relations”.