CAJ | 학술논문

为丰富转型期中国农村土地整治的理论与实践，该文综合论述了人地协调的土地整治理念、模式与技术途径，并结合典型案例进行了实证。结果表明，作为人地关系系统正向反馈的土地利用调控路径，人地协调的土地整治需立足于生产、生活、生态三大空间的结构优化与功能整合，积极响应社会经济发展阶段需求。在转型期，人地协调的土地整治模式应以保障粮食安全和食品安全、推动农业现代化发展，支撑新农村建设、优化城乡发展空间，构建生态安全格局、提升生态景观服务功能为导向，在整治目标、整治重点、运作模式上与乡村地域空间结构与功能相匹配，在行为理性上坚持价值理性与工具理性的有机统一，在技术上强调生产空间农用地整合技术、生活空间农村建设用地盘活技术和生态空间生态景观提升技术三者的智能融合。通过人地协调的土地整治模式实践，研究区生产空间的适度规模经营面积比例由整治前的18.00%增至整治后的30.53%，户均耕地地块数降低1.6块，耕地灌溉保证率由29.68%增至51.22%，综合机械化率由42.50%增至61.80%，特色优势产业壮大；生活空间24个片块的闲置废弃农村居民点被复垦再利用，乡村景观协调性、田块连片性及聚落的风貌形象得到提升；生态空间形成了以生态节点修复与完善、生态廊道连通、核心生态用地保护为主导，“点—线—面”一体化的生态景观格局。因此，在中国高度紧张的人地关系背景下，土地综合整治的思路应由不同整治类型的组合转向整治内容的融合，从人地关系调控入手确立人地协调的土地整治模式，是应对人地关系、城乡关系矛盾和转型发展需求的理性选择。
위봉부전형기중국농촌토지정치적이론여실천，해문종합논술료인지협조적토지정치이념、모식여기술도경，병결합전형안례진행료실증。결과표명，작위인지관계계통정향반궤적토지이용조공로경，인지협조적토지정치수립족우생산、생활、생태삼대공간적결구우화여공능정합，적겁향응사회경제발전계단수구。재전형기，인지협조적토지정치모식응이보장양식안전화식품안전、추동농업현대화발전，지탱신농촌건설、우화성향발전공간，구건생태안전격국、제승생태경관복무공능위도향，재정치목표、정치중점、운작모식상여향촌지역공간결구여공능상필배，재행위이성상견지개치이성여공구이성적유궤통일，재기술상강조생산공간농용지정합기술、생활공간농촌건설용지반활기술화생태공간생태경관제승기술삼자적지능융합。통과인지협조적토지정치모식실천，연구구생산공간적괄도규모경영면적비례유정치전적18.00%증지정치후적30.53%，호균경지지괴수강저1.6괴，경지관개보증솔유29.68%증지51.22%，종합궤계화솔유42.50%증지61.80%，특색우세산업장대；생활공간24개편괴적한치폐기농촌거민점피복은재이용，향촌경관협조성、전괴련편성급취락적풍모형상득도제승；생태공간형성료이생태절점수복여완선、생태랑도련통、핵심생태용지보호위주도，“점—선—면”일체화적생태경관격국。인차，재중국고도긴장적인지관계배경하，토지종합정치적사로응유불동정치류형적조합전향정치내용적융합，종인지관계조공입수학립인지협조적토지정치모식，시응대인지관계、성향관계모순화전형발전수구적이성선택。
Based on the perspective of human-earth harmonization, we used the method of literature summary and case analysis method to analyze the idea, mode, and technological approaches of land consolidation, and tried to enrich the theory and practice of Chinese rural land consolidation in the transitional period. The results indicated that as land-use regulation pathway of positive feedback, land consolidation should be on the basis of structure optimization and functional integration of the 3 large spaces (production space, living space and ecological space). So, as the active response of social and economic development stage requirements, land consolidation of the transitional period should be necessary to persist in the goal orientations like these-to ensure grain and food safety, and promote agricultural modernization; to support new village construction and optimize urban-rural land use space; to establish ecological security pattern and promote ecology landscape service function. The achievement of these targets needs the support of land consolidation based on the perspective of human-earth harmonization, but not traditional land consolidation mode. There are 4 elements in this kind of new mode. Three elements like goals of land consolidation, key points of land consolidation, and operation pattern have to match with the structure and function of rural territorial space; behavior rationality, another element, has to reach an organic unification between the value rationality and the instrumental rationality. In the technical form, this mode follows intelligent fusion of 3 kinds of technical ways-the farmland integrated technologies of production space, the rural construction land reused technologies of living space, and the ecology landscape improving technologies of eco-space. When this mode was applied, the results on the study area indicated that the practice of land consolidation was more standard and orderly than the traditional, and the whole structure and function of rural territorial space was improved. In the 3 large spaces, the agriculture production conditions of production space was improved much, the proportion of moderate scale management area increased from 18.00% to 30.53% after consolidation, the number of cultivated land plots averagely reduced by 1.6 for every peasant household, the guarantee rate of irrigation increased from 29.68% to 51.22%, the comprehensive mechanization ratio increased from 42.50% to 61.80%, and the local characteristic advantaged industries developed at the same time; the rural settlement landscape of living space was optimized much, and a total area of 1.74 hm2 referring to 24 blocks of abandoned rural residential lands was reclaimed and reused to cultivated land and other agricultural land, as a result the rural landscape harmony, the farmland concentration, and the style and feature of settlement got further improvement; the eco-network structure of eco-space was restored and intensified, the eco-nodes and eco-galleries linking with the farmland, settlement, forest and grassland in the study area were perfected through maintaining the original rivulets, ponds, irrigation canals and drainage channels, field roads and production roads, and building new storage paddy fields, new impounding reservoirs, new desilting pits and new production roads, and finally one ecology landscape pattern characterized by the integration of ’dot-line-field’ was weaved. In this pattern, the basic space pattern was composed of production core space, living core space and ecology core space, and the key links were constituted by ecological corridors, ecological jump islands, stepping stones, and ecological buffer areas. According to the above study, the mode of land consolidation based on a perspective of human-earth harmonization will be a really rational choice under the background of high pressure of man-earth relationship in China.