CAJ | 학술논문

“白云石问题”无疑是地质学上最有趣最长久的难题之一。作为一种常见的碳酸盐矿物，白云石在地质历史时期大量发育，却在现代海洋沉积环境中鲜少沉积，并且在实验室模拟海水条件下也几乎无法低温合成。白云石[CaMg(CO3)2]不同于Ca2+、Mg2+无序的高镁方解石，具有阳离子有序超结构，空间群为R-3，在地表条件下为热力学稳定相。尽管人们尝试模拟自然界中白云石存在的物理化学条件，但却几乎没有从实验中成功合成有序白云石。在已有的实验室研究中，有序白云石仅能通过高温水热实验形成。这说明白云石的形成极可能是一个动力学控制过程。而近些年被人们广泛接受的白云石微生物成因模式认为微生物活动是低温白云石形成的关键，相关的微生物矿化实验也证实微生物的存在能够促进高镁方解石的形成。对白云石问题的探讨不仅对理解白云岩成因具有重要意义，还能够促进矿物学理论研究发展。此次研究从高温合成实验、低温合成实验、微生物协同沉淀实验等方面综述了有关白云石问题的实验室研究进展，阐明了目前对于白云石问题认识的局限，有助于更好的理解“白云石问题”和其中所包含的矿物学和物理化学问题，乃至于帮助寻找到它的答案。
“백운석문제”무의시지질학상최유취최장구적난제지일。작위일충상견적탄산염광물，백운석재지질역사시기대량발육，각재현대해양침적배경중선소침적，병차재실험실모의해수조건하야궤호무법저온합성。백운석[CaMg(CO3)2]불동우Ca2+、Mg2+무서적고미방해석，구유양리자유서초결구，공간군위R-3，재지표조건하위열역학은정상。진관인문상시모의자연계중백운석존재적물이화학조건，단각궤호몰유종실험중성공합성유서백운석。재이유적실험실연구중，유서백운석부능통과고온수열실험형성。저설명백운석적형성겁가능시일개동역학공제과정。이근사년피인문엄범접수적백운석미생물성인모식인위미생물활동시저온백운석형성적관건，상관적미생물광화실험야증실미생물적존재능구촉진고미방해석적형성。대백운석문제적탐토불부대리해백운암성인구유중요의의，환능구촉진광물학이론연구발전。차차연구종고온합성실험、저온합성실험、미생물협동침정실험등방면종술료유관백운석문제적실험실연구진전，천명료목전대우백운석문제인식적국한，유조우경호적리해“백운석문제”화기중소포함적광물학화물이화학문제，내지우방조심조도타적답안。
Dolomite problem is undoubtedly one of the most interesting and confusing problems in geology. As a common carbonate mineral, dolomite is abundant in geological history but rarely occurs in modern ocean sediments. It is nearly impossible to precipitate dolomite below 100℃. Dolomite, [CaMg(CO3)2], has a cation ordering structure and its space group is R-3. Additionally, it is thermodynamically stable under the condition of earth's surface. Although researchers tried to mimic physical and chemical conditions of natural environments which can form dolomite, these experiments still can not successfully precipitate ordered dolomite. Fully ordered dolomite can only form in hydrothermal experiments upper 200℃. It seems that the formation of dolomite is a dynamically controlling process. Recently, microbial dolomite model has been widely accepted. In this model, microbial activity is considered as the key of dolomite formation at low temperature. Many microbial mineralization experiments have confirmed that the existence of microorganisms can indeed promote the formation of high-magnesium calcite. Solving“dolomite problem”can not only help understanding the genesis of dolomite, but also promote the development of mineralogy theory. This review summarized current progresses of dolomite synthetic experiments, including experiments at high and low temperatures and microbially induced experiments. We also clarified the limitations of current understanding to“dolomite problem”. Future perspectives were proposed to better understand and finally solve dolomite problem.