农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
2015年
19期
142-150
,共9页
郑学博%樊剑波%何园球%崔键%徐磊%祝振球%周静
鄭學博%樊劍波%何園毬%崔鍵%徐磊%祝振毬%週靜
정학박%번검파%하완구%최건%서뢰%축진구%주정
土壤%酶%细菌%N肥%沼液%真菌%放线菌%硝化强度
土壤%酶%細菌%N肥%沼液%真菌%放線菌%硝化彊度
토양%매%세균%N비%소액%진균%방선균%초화강도
soils%Enzyme%Bacteria%N fertilizes%biogas slurry%Fungi%Actinomyces%Nitrification intensity
通过田间试验，研究了N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg/hm2）施用量相同的条件下，沼液化肥不同全氮配比（沼液全氮分别占0%、15%、30%、45%和100%）对旱地红壤微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌）数量、酶（脲酶、脱氢酶）活性和硝化强度的影响。结果表明，随沼液全氮比例的增加，土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均呈倒“U”形增加，且较单施化肥处理（未施沼液）分别提高3.88%～40.78%、1.64%～31.15%、28.21%～79.49%。随着花生生育进程的推进，脲酶活性随沼液全氮比例增加而升高；脱氢酶活性先降低，开花期后升高。沼液全氮45%处理显著提高了花生结荚期和收获期土壤脲酶、脱氢酶活性和硝化强度。利用主成分分析对土壤微生物活性进行综合评价，依据主成分解释总变量和碎石图提取了2个主成分反映原变量的92.13%的信息。第1主成分主要综合了细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、微生物总量和硝化强度的信息；第2主成分主要综合了脲酶、脱氢酶活性的信息。主成分综合得分图直观地显示了等氮磷钾条件下沼液化肥全氮配比对旱地红壤微生物活性的综合影响。具体为 BS30＞BS45＞BS100＞BS15＞NPK＞CK。因此，等氮磷钾条件下沼液全氮15%～100%处理有利于提高土壤微生物活性，特别是沼液全氮30%处理，同时其花生籽粒产量也达到了最大值（2875 kg/hm2）。
通過田間試驗，研究瞭N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg/hm2）施用量相同的條件下，沼液化肥不同全氮配比（沼液全氮分彆佔0%、15%、30%、45%和100%）對旱地紅壤微生物（細菌、真菌、放線菌）數量、酶（脲酶、脫氫酶）活性和硝化彊度的影響。結果錶明，隨沼液全氮比例的增加，土壤細菌、放線菌、真菌數量均呈倒“U”形增加，且較單施化肥處理（未施沼液）分彆提高3.88%～40.78%、1.64%～31.15%、28.21%～79.49%。隨著花生生育進程的推進，脲酶活性隨沼液全氮比例增加而升高；脫氫酶活性先降低，開花期後升高。沼液全氮45%處理顯著提高瞭花生結莢期和收穫期土壤脲酶、脫氫酶活性和硝化彊度。利用主成分分析對土壤微生物活性進行綜閤評價，依據主成分解釋總變量和碎石圖提取瞭2箇主成分反映原變量的92.13%的信息。第1主成分主要綜閤瞭細菌、真菌、放線菌數量、微生物總量和硝化彊度的信息；第2主成分主要綜閤瞭脲酶、脫氫酶活性的信息。主成分綜閤得分圖直觀地顯示瞭等氮燐鉀條件下沼液化肥全氮配比對旱地紅壤微生物活性的綜閤影響。具體為 BS30＞BS45＞BS100＞BS15＞NPK＞CK。因此，等氮燐鉀條件下沼液全氮15%～100%處理有利于提高土壤微生物活性，特彆是沼液全氮30%處理，同時其花生籽粒產量也達到瞭最大值（2875 kg/hm2）。
통과전간시험，연구료N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg/hm2）시용량상동적조건하，소액화비불동전담배비（소액전담분별점0%、15%、30%、45%화100%）대한지홍양미생물（세균、진균、방선균）수량、매（뇨매、탈경매）활성화초화강도적영향。결과표명，수소액전담비례적증가，토양세균、방선균、진균수량균정도“U”형증가，차교단시화비처리（미시소액）분별제고3.88%～40.78%、1.64%～31.15%、28.21%～79.49%。수착화생생육진정적추진，뇨매활성수소액전담비례증가이승고；탈경매활성선강저，개화기후승고。소액전담45%처리현저제고료화생결협기화수획기토양뇨매、탈경매활성화초화강도。이용주성분분석대토양미생물활성진행종합평개，의거주성분해석총변량화쇄석도제취료2개주성분반영원변량적92.13%적신식。제1주성분주요종합료세균、진균、방선균수량、미생물총량화초화강도적신식；제2주성분주요종합료뇨매、탈경매활성적신식。주성분종합득분도직관지현시료등담린갑조건하소액화비전담배비대한지홍양미생물활성적종합영향。구체위 BS30＞BS45＞BS100＞BS15＞NPK＞CK。인차，등담린갑조건하소액전담15%～100%처리유리우제고토양미생물활성，특별시소액전담30%처리，동시기화생자립산량야체도료최대치（2875 kg/hm2）。
Biogas slurrywas known to influence soil-plant ecosystem when it was applied as a fertilizer, especially in combination with chemical fertilizer. However, limited information was available regarding how this combination affected soil microflora and enzyme activities. In the present research, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer on the quantity of soil edaphon, enzyme activities (urease, dehydrogenase) as well as nitrification intensity in upland red soil, Southern China under the same input of N-P2O5-K2O (120-90-135 kg/hm2). The soil was fertilized with 6 treatments, including CK (no fertilizer), NPK (chemical fertilizer only), BS100 (biogas slurry only) and other 3 combination treatments with different biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer (BS15, BS30, BS45). The nitrogen in biogas slurry under BS15, BS30 and BS45 accounted for 15%, 30% and 45% of applied total nitrogen respectively, which were respectively 18, 36 and 54 kg/hm2 and applied with biogas slurry and the remaining amounts of nitrogen were applied with chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the quantities of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomyces responded significantly to the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer, which increased by 3.88%-40.78%, 1.64%-31.15% and 28.21%-79.49% respectively compared to NPK treatment. The quantities of soil edaphon (bacteria, fungi, actinomyces) all showed a trend of decreasing after initial increase with the percentage of nitrogen in biogas slurry accounting for applied total nitrogen amount increasing. In addition, the urease activity showed a trend of increasing, and the dehydrogenase activity showed a trend of increasing after an initial decrease, with the percentage of nitrogen in biogas slurry accounting for applied total nitrogen amount increasing in the 4 growth stages. Therein, BS45 treatment significantly increased the activities of soil urease and dehydrogenase as well as nitrification intensity at the stages of bearing pod and harvesting. Besides, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the soil biological activity. The obtained results showed that 2 principal components, which reflected 92.13% of the original information, were extracted from the initial indices. Within the primary principal component (PC1), the quantities of bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and the total microorganism as well as nitrification intensity were the main impact factors. Meanwhile, the activities of urease and dehydrogenase were the main impact factors in the secondary principal component (PC2). Based on synthesis scores calculated from the 2 principal component scores, the effects of the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer on soil biological activities displayed an order as follows: BS30 > BS45 > BS100 > BS15 > NPK > CK. The results suggest that proper application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer (BS30) can increase the microbial quantity and enzyme activities in upland red soil. Moreover, the peanut yield also reached the highest (2875 kg/hm2) under the treatment BS30.
