CAJ | 학술논문

真菌在自然界中作为有机体的分解者、动植物的病原菌和共生菌，广泛分布于地表和土壤环境，并通过一系列生长及代谢活动，与周围环境中的岩石或矿物基质发生作用，进而影响地球化学过程。真菌的生物地质作用主要包括：真菌促进下岩石或矿物的风化，真菌诱导下次生矿物的形成，以及与上述过程相对应的营养元素和金属离子的迁移与固定。近年来，由生物风化发展而来的生物浸取技术，已经在生物采矿、选矿以及受污染土壤和工业垃圾的生物治理等多个方面得以应用。而将真菌用作吸附剂的生物吸附研究，则显示其能有效祛除工业废水及受污染地下水中所含的金属和有机污染物。因此，无论是从地球化学循环的角度出发，还是考虑资源与环境效应，研究真菌的生物地质作用都具有十分重要的意义。文中从真菌生物风化、生物矿化和环境修复等方面综述了真菌生物地质作用研究的最新进展，并对今后的研究工作进行了展望，旨在加深真菌在地质微生物学作用过程中的认识，促进相关领域的进一步发展。
진균재자연계중작위유궤체적분해자、동식물적병원균화공생균，엄범분포우지표화토양배경，병통과일계렬생장급대사활동，여주위배경중적암석혹광물기질발생작용，진이영향지구화학과정。진균적생물지질작용주요포괄：진균촉진하암석혹광물적풍화，진균유도하차생광물적형성，이급여상술과정상대응적영양원소화금속리자적천이여고정。근년래，유생물풍화발전이래적생물침취기술，이경재생물채광、선광이급수오염토양화공업랄급적생물치리등다개방면득이응용。이장진균용작흡부제적생물흡부연구，칙현시기능유효거제공업폐수급수오염지하수중소함적금속화유궤오염물。인차，무론시종지구화학순배적각도출발，환시고필자원여배경효응，연구진균적생물지질작용도구유십분중요적의의。문중종진균생물풍화、생물광화화배경수복등방면종술료진균생물지질작용연구적최신진전，병대금후적연구공작진행료전망，지재가심진균재지질미생물학작용과정중적인식，촉진상관영역적진일보발전。
In the Earth's lithosphere, fungi are of fundamental significance as organism decomposers, animal and plant pathogens and symbionts, being ubiquitous in subaerial and subsoil environments. The ability of fungi to interact with rock or mineral substrates through their growth and metabolic activities, makes them an important participator in geochemical processes. The principal roles include the fungi-promoted mineral weathering, mycogenic mineral formation, nutrient and metal elements transformation and immobilization. In recent years, the bioleaching technologies derived from biological weathering have beneficial applications in the biomining, bio-beneficiation, as well as the bioremediation of contaminated soils and industrial solid waste. Moreover, the research on fungi as the biosorbents reveals that fungi can be applicable to remove metal or organic pollutants from the industrial wastewater and contaminated groundwater. Therefore, it is fully essential to understand the fungal activities encompassed within geomicrobiology. This mini review summarized current progresses of biological geological process for fungi, with focuses on biological weathering, biomineralization and environmental bioremediation, and future perspectives were proposed to better understand the important fungal functions in geomicrobiology and to catalyze further research in the field.