农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
2015年
19期
120-127
,共8页
杨威%朱建强%吴启侠%王曾桢%叶浩%程伦国
楊威%硃建彊%吳啟俠%王曾楨%葉浩%程倫國
양위%주건강%오계협%왕증정%협호%정륜국
排水%棉花%土壤水分%地下水位%高温胁迫%棉花花铃期%生理响应%产量
排水%棉花%土壤水分%地下水位%高溫脅迫%棉花花鈴期%生理響應%產量
배수%면화%토양수분%지하수위%고온협박%면화화령기%생리향응%산량
drainage%cotton%soil moisture%groundwater table%heat stress%flowering and boll-forming period%physiological response%yield
为了探究高温胁迫下棉花对不同地下水埋深的响应差异，并在此基础上提出适宜的排渍指标，2012－2013年利用自动调控地下水位的测坑，在花铃期设置地下水埋深0、30、50 cm（持续受渍10 d），同时进行连续6 d的高温处理，观测棉花主要表观形态特征、生理代谢指标及产量。结果表明：地下水埋深0和30 cm降低了棉花株高，增加了主茎复合红绿比，而高温胁迫对二者影响不明显。高温胁迫下，地下水埋深越浅，倒4叶叶绿素含量和光系统II潜在光化学转换效率越低，其关系可用线性关系模型描述，且地下水埋深＜80 cm的累计值对二者的影响居首，高温胁迫次之。地下水埋深处理过程中，倒4叶超氧物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性先升高后降低，过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性持续降低，丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）含量急剧增加。地下水埋深处于0和30 cm时，高温胁迫加剧了棉花膜脂过氧化反应程度，叶片SOD和POD活性更低，MDA含量更高，但增强了棉花在地下水埋深50 cm的抗逆能力。地下水埋深处理、高温胁迫及其复胁迫主要通过减少单株成铃数、单铃质量使棉花产量降低，而对衣分含量影响普遍不明显。从整体减产程度来看，地下水埋深处理+高温胁迫（33.7%）＞地下水埋深处理（26.2%）＞高温胁迫（7.5%）。若以允许棉花产量减少15%～20%为排渍标准，假设在地下水埋深处理过程中连续出现6 d、每天近6 h的高温天气，则棉花花铃期地下水埋深＜80 cm的累计值为216.0～321.2 cm·d。研究可为湖北平原湖区及类似地区棉田排水管理提供科学参考。
為瞭探究高溫脅迫下棉花對不同地下水埋深的響應差異，併在此基礎上提齣適宜的排漬指標，2012－2013年利用自動調控地下水位的測坑，在花鈴期設置地下水埋深0、30、50 cm（持續受漬10 d），同時進行連續6 d的高溫處理，觀測棉花主要錶觀形態特徵、生理代謝指標及產量。結果錶明：地下水埋深0和30 cm降低瞭棉花株高，增加瞭主莖複閤紅綠比，而高溫脅迫對二者影響不明顯。高溫脅迫下，地下水埋深越淺，倒4葉葉綠素含量和光繫統II潛在光化學轉換效率越低，其關繫可用線性關繫模型描述，且地下水埋深＜80 cm的纍計值對二者的影響居首，高溫脅迫次之。地下水埋深處理過程中，倒4葉超氧物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、過氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性先升高後降低，過氧化氫酶（catalase，CAT）活性持續降低，丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）含量急劇增加。地下水埋深處于0和30 cm時，高溫脅迫加劇瞭棉花膜脂過氧化反應程度，葉片SOD和POD活性更低，MDA含量更高，但增彊瞭棉花在地下水埋深50 cm的抗逆能力。地下水埋深處理、高溫脅迫及其複脅迫主要通過減少單株成鈴數、單鈴質量使棉花產量降低，而對衣分含量影響普遍不明顯。從整體減產程度來看，地下水埋深處理+高溫脅迫（33.7%）＞地下水埋深處理（26.2%）＞高溫脅迫（7.5%）。若以允許棉花產量減少15%～20%為排漬標準，假設在地下水埋深處理過程中連續齣現6 d、每天近6 h的高溫天氣，則棉花花鈴期地下水埋深＜80 cm的纍計值為216.0～321.2 cm·d。研究可為湖北平原湖區及類似地區棉田排水管理提供科學參攷。
위료탐구고온협박하면화대불동지하수매심적향응차이，병재차기출상제출괄의적배지지표，2012－2013년이용자동조공지하수위적측갱，재화령기설치지하수매심0、30、50 cm（지속수지10 d），동시진행련속6 d적고온처리，관측면화주요표관형태특정、생리대사지표급산량。결과표명：지하수매심0화30 cm강저료면화주고，증가료주경복합홍록비，이고온협박대이자영향불명현。고온협박하，지하수매심월천，도4협협록소함량화광계통II잠재광화학전환효솔월저，기관계가용선성관계모형묘술，차지하수매심＜80 cm적루계치대이자적영향거수，고온협박차지。지하수매심처리과정중，도4협초양물기화매（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、과양화물매（peroxidase，POD）활성선승고후강저，과양화경매（catalase，CAT）활성지속강저，병이철（malonaldehyde，MDA）함량급극증가。지하수매심처우0화30 cm시，고온협박가극료면화막지과양화반응정도，협편SOD화POD활성경저，MDA함량경고，단증강료면화재지하수매심50 cm적항역능력。지하수매심처리、고온협박급기복협박주요통과감소단주성령수、단령질량사면화산량강저，이대의분함량영향보편불명현。종정체감산정도래간，지하수매심처리+고온협박（33.7%）＞지하수매심처리（26.2%）＞고온협박（7.5%）。약이윤허면화산량감소15%～20%위배지표준，가설재지하수매심처리과정중련속출현6 d、매천근6 h적고온천기，칙면화화령기지하수매심＜80 cm적루계치위216.0～321.2 cm·d。연구가위호북평원호구급유사지구면전배수관리제공과학삼고。
Cotton production is frequently limited by periods of subsurface waterlogging and heat stress in Hubei plain area of China in summer, but the combined effects of surface waterlogging and heat stress on cotton have been rarely studied. In order to investigate the effects of groundwater table (WT) on main morph-physiological traits and yield of cotton under high temperature (HT) condition as well as determination of drainage index, the combination of WT and HT stresses was carried out by test-pit in Irrigation and Drainage Experimental Station of the Four Lake Engineering Management Bureau, Jingzhou, China in 2012 and 2013. WT were set as 0, 30 and 50 cm with waterlogging for 10 days and HT duration for 6 days (from 10:00 to 16:00 per day) during flowering and boll-forming period of cotton. The morphological indexes as plant height (PH) and complex ratio of red stem to green stem (R/G), and physiological traits as photosynthetic efficiency, leaf pigments and antioxidant enzymes along with yield components were measured and analyzed. The results were as follows: the PH and R/G of cotton were decreased in WT treatments of 0 and 30 cm, whereas they were not significantly different in HT situation. Chlorophyll (Chl) content and photosystem II potential photochemical conversion efficiency of leaf (4 th from top) decreased with increasing WT under HT condition. The relationship of either Chl or photochemical conversion efficiency with WT and HT could be described by linear models (R2=0.961-0986,P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of leaves (4th from top) increased firstly and then declined and catalase (CAT) activity declined with the increment in WT, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. SOD and POD activities decreased remarkably while MDA content increased rapidly at WT of 0-30 cm with HT stress, indicating that HT exacerbated the degree of membrane lid peroxidation. However, HT contributed to subsurface waterlogging tolerance by maintaining a higher SOD and POD activities at WT of 50 cm. The yield losses of the combination of WT and HT attributed principally to a reduction of boll numbers and boll quality. The reduction of seed yield was highest in the treatment of WT+HT (33.7%), followed by WT (26.2%) and HT (7.5%). Assuming the reduction of 15%-20% of seed yield was accepted, the sum of excess soil water of 80 cm (SEW80) during flowering and boll-forming period was 216.0-321.2 cm·d with 6 days of HT for WT 0-50 cm. The study may provide valuble information for cotton stress-resistance cultivation and drainage management in Hubei plain lake region of China.
