CAJ | 학술논문

为提高以重庆为代表的西南丘陵山区冬水田水稻的单产水平及氮肥的利用率，实现区域水稻高产高效和生态友好等目标。笔者以大面积水稻生产代表品种‘渝香203’为材料，采用田间试验的方法，研究了氮肥施用量与施用方式对水稻抽穗—成熟期生物产量积累与分配、氮素利用率及稻谷产量的影响。研究结果表明：水稻生物产量、氮积累总量以及稻谷产量均随施氮量增加而增加。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于水稻的生物产量积累和合理分配，在中氮处理(10 kg/666.7 m2)采用底肥：穗肥=5：5的施氮方式下，水稻茎鞘输出率和转换率均较高，分别达到56.59%和48.59%。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高氮农学利用效率和表观利用率，适宜的施氮比例受施氮量的影响而不同。氮肥后移作穗肥有利于提高水稻的穗平实粒数、结实率和千粒重，实现大穗高产。兼顾稻谷产量与氮肥高效，重庆冬水田地区杂交水稻的高效施氮策略为纯氮10 kg/666.7 m2，且采用底肥：穗肥=6：4或5：5的施氮方式。稻谷实际产量为9910.68~9940.62 kg/hm2，平均产量为9925.65 kg/hm2。
위제고이중경위대표적서남구릉산구동수전수도적단산수평급담비적이용솔，실현구역수도고산고효화생태우호등목표。필자이대면적수도생산대표품충‘투향203’위재료，채용전간시험적방법，연구료담비시용량여시용방식대수도추수—성숙기생물산량적루여분배、담소이용솔급도곡산량적영향。연구결과표명：수도생물산량、담적루총량이급도곡산량균수시담량증가이증가。담비후이작수비유리우수도적생물산량적루화합리분배，재중담처리(10 kg/666.7 m2)채용저비：수비=5：5적시담방식하，수도경초수출솔화전환솔균교고，분별체도56.59%화48.59%。담비후이작수비유리우제고담농학이용효솔화표관이용솔，괄의적시담비례수시담량적영향이불동。담비후이작수비유리우제고수도적수평실립수、결실솔화천립중，실현대수고산。겸고도곡산량여담비고효，중경동수전지구잡교수도적고효시담책략위순담10 kg/666.7 m2，차채용저비：수비=6：4혹5：5적시담방식。도곡실제산량위9910.68~9940.62 kg/hm2，평균산량위9925.65 kg/hm2。
The study aims to improve per unit yield and nitrogen use efficiency in southwest hilly and mountain area winter paddy fields represented by Chongqing and achieve the target of high yield and high efficiency in regional rice production and an environmental friendly production process. The author selected‘Yuxiang 203’ as material, took the method of field trial and studied the effects of fertilizer application amount and methods on accumulation and distribution of biological yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield in heading to mature stage. The results showed that, rice biological yield, nitrogen accumulation quantity and grain yiel d increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to accumulation and rational distribution of biological yield, when the nitrogen rate was 10 kg/666.7 m2, base N fertilizer and jointing N fertilizer proportion was 5:5, the output percent and transportation percent of stem-sheath store matter were higher, which were 56.59% and 48.59%, respectively. Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to increase agronomy utilization efficiency and apparent utilization efficiency, the nitrogen application ration varied with nitrogen application. Use nitrogen fertilizer as heading fertilizer was conducive to increase plain number of grains per ear, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight, and achieved large panicle and high production. Giving consideration to both grain yield and nitrogen utilization, efficient nitrogen application strategy of hybrid rice in Chongqing winter paddy field was as follows: the nitrogen rate was 10 kg/666.7 m2, the proportion of the base N fertilizer and jointing N fertilizer was 6:4 or 5:5, actual grain yield was 9910.68-9940.62 kg/hm2, the average grain yield was 9925.65 kg/hm2.