华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）
華南理工大學學報（社會科學版）
화남리공대학학보（사회과학판）
Journal of South China University of Technology (Social Science Edition)
2015年
5期
66-71,78
,共7页
职业%非刑罚处置措施%刑事责任%资格刑
職業%非刑罰處置措施%刑事責任%資格刑
직업%비형벌처치조시%형사책임%자격형
occupation%non-punitive measures%criminal responsibility%qualification punishment
长期以来，对利用职业便利或违背职业要求的特定义务实施犯罪的刑事责任的追究问题，我国刑法未予以明确规定，往往由行政机关来作出。《刑法修正案（九）草案》赋予了人民法院可以禁止犯罪行为人一定期限从事职业的自由裁量权，扩展了刑事责任的内容。但由于该修正案仅将禁止从事职业规定为非刑罚处置措施，附加于刑罚之后适用，容易产生处罚“过剩”的问题，而且对禁止从事职业的处置权分设为司法裁判权和行政处罚权，不仅不利于刑事司法权的独立适用，而且有悖于刑事责任追究的公平原则。因此，为解决这些问题，应当将禁止从事职业的非刑罚处置措施升格为一种资格刑。
長期以來，對利用職業便利或違揹職業要求的特定義務實施犯罪的刑事責任的追究問題，我國刑法未予以明確規定，往往由行政機關來作齣。《刑法脩正案（九）草案》賦予瞭人民法院可以禁止犯罪行為人一定期限從事職業的自由裁量權，擴展瞭刑事責任的內容。但由于該脩正案僅將禁止從事職業規定為非刑罰處置措施，附加于刑罰之後適用，容易產生處罰“過剩”的問題，而且對禁止從事職業的處置權分設為司法裁判權和行政處罰權，不僅不利于刑事司法權的獨立適用，而且有悖于刑事責任追究的公平原則。因此，為解決這些問題，應噹將禁止從事職業的非刑罰處置措施升格為一種資格刑。
장기이래，대이용직업편리혹위배직업요구적특정의무실시범죄적형사책임적추구문제，아국형법미여이명학규정，왕왕유행정궤관래작출。《형법수정안（구）초안》부여료인민법원가이금지범죄행위인일정기한종사직업적자유재량권，확전료형사책임적내용。단유우해수정안부장금지종사직업규정위비형벌처치조시，부가우형벌지후괄용，용역산생처벌“과잉”적문제，이차대금지종사직업적처치권분설위사법재판권화행정처벌권，불부불리우형사사법권적독립괄용，이차유패우형사책임추구적공평원칙。인차，위해결저사문제，응당장금지종사직업적비형벌처치조시승격위일충자격형。
For a long time,the criminal law has not been clearly defined the problem holding the criminally respon-sible to the offender for using the occupation facilitate or violating the requirements of specific professional obliga-tions.Prohibition or restriction of the occupation or qualification to offender is often made by the executive.Crimi-nal Law Amendment (9)of the Draft has given the courts some jurisdiction to prohibit the offenders a certain period of occupation.It has expanded the content of criminal responsibility.However,the punishment of prohibiting the occupation only serves as a non -punitive measure and is attached to penalties applicable.So it is inevitable to pro-duce the phenomenon of “excessive punishment”.In addition,the punishment of the prohibit occupation is divided into jurisdiction for judicial and administrative punishment.It is not conducive to the criminal jurisdiction of inde-pendence applicable,contrary to the realization of criminal liability of fairness.Therefore,it is necessary to change the non-punitive measures of the prohibiting occupation into the qualification penalty.
