CAJ | 학술논문

视网膜退行性疾病,如视网膜色素变性( RP)、年龄相关性黄斑变性( AMD)、以及青光眼等疾病的主要病理基础是视网膜各级神经元的结构和功能性异常,最终造成患者视力的不可逆性损害,是严重的致盲性眼病,目前缺乏有效的治疗方法. 随着近年来科学技术的飞速发展,基因治疗、干细胞治疗、自适应光学技术以及人工视觉给上述疾病的治疗提供了可能. 人类基因组计划的完成及相关测序技术的广泛应用,为人类对疾病的本质认识带来了新的革命,也为疾病的分子分型、生物诊断及基因水平的治疗都带来了新的动力. 人们对眼病的了解也越来越全面,治疗方案在基因替代治疗基础上,进一步整合了细胞因子治疗以及光遗传学治疗等. 基因治疗技术在眼科取得了巨大的进展,但不能阻止某些有功能的细胞进一步凋亡,这就需要我们联合一类可以挽救细胞凋亡的基因共同移植,要么需要采用细胞替代治疗,将有功能的细胞代替损伤的细胞,从而恢复其功能. 由于干细胞无限的增生能力和多向的分化潜能,成为了细胞替代治疗的新希望. 通过视网膜干细胞移植,使其整合入视网膜各层并且分化为目标细胞,以重建视网膜功能,给不可逆性盲眼患者带来了曙光. 神经干细胞的自我更新、多分化潜能,使得其非常适合与细胞移植;而机体内广泛存在的神经干细胞加上体外培养扩增技术为我们提供了充足的细胞源. 但干细胞的眼部移植后细胞存在移行能力、存活效率以及向目的细胞的分化能力等难点,而基因治疗技术和纳米生物学材料的发展为解决这一难题提供了新的思路,更进一步的推动了这一技术的发展. 近年来,自适应光学技术在眼科领域的应用逐步扩大,有望实现各种眼病的早期诊断和治疗,把疾病消灭在萌芽状态. 人工视觉解决临床上某些严重致盲眼病无有效治疗方法的问题,是医学生物工程学、材料科学、电子工程学及视觉科学等多学科联合研发的产物. 相信在相关领域研究者的不断努力及合作下,一定能够研制出可为患者提供视觉功能的人工视觉假体. 視網膜退行性疾病,如視網膜色素變性( RP)、年齡相關性黃斑變性( AMD)、以及青光眼等疾病的主要病理基礎是視網膜各級神經元的結構和功能性異常,最終造成患者視力的不可逆性損害,是嚴重的緻盲性眼病,目前缺乏有效的治療方法. 隨著近年來科學技術的飛速髮展,基因治療、榦細胞治療、自適應光學技術以及人工視覺給上述疾病的治療提供瞭可能. 人類基因組計劃的完成及相關測序技術的廣汎應用,為人類對疾病的本質認識帶來瞭新的革命,也為疾病的分子分型、生物診斷及基因水平的治療都帶來瞭新的動力. 人們對眼病的瞭解也越來越全麵,治療方案在基因替代治療基礎上,進一步整閤瞭細胞因子治療以及光遺傳學治療等. 基因治療技術在眼科取得瞭巨大的進展,但不能阻止某些有功能的細胞進一步凋亡,這就需要我們聯閤一類可以輓救細胞凋亡的基因共同移植,要麽需要採用細胞替代治療,將有功能的細胞代替損傷的細胞,從而恢複其功能. 由于榦細胞無限的增生能力和多嚮的分化潛能,成為瞭細胞替代治療的新希望. 通過視網膜榦細胞移植,使其整閤入視網膜各層併且分化為目標細胞,以重建視網膜功能,給不可逆性盲眼患者帶來瞭曙光. 神經榦細胞的自我更新、多分化潛能,使得其非常適閤與細胞移植;而機體內廣汎存在的神經榦細胞加上體外培養擴增技術為我們提供瞭充足的細胞源. 但榦細胞的眼部移植後細胞存在移行能力、存活效率以及嚮目的細胞的分化能力等難點,而基因治療技術和納米生物學材料的髮展為解決這一難題提供瞭新的思路,更進一步的推動瞭這一技術的髮展. 近年來,自適應光學技術在眼科領域的應用逐步擴大,有望實現各種眼病的早期診斷和治療,把疾病消滅在萌芽狀態. 人工視覺解決臨床上某些嚴重緻盲眼病無有效治療方法的問題,是醫學生物工程學、材料科學、電子工程學及視覺科學等多學科聯閤研髮的產物. 相信在相關領域研究者的不斷努力及閤作下,一定能夠研製齣可為患者提供視覺功能的人工視覺假體.
시망막퇴행성질병,여시망막색소변성( RP)、년령상관성황반변성( AMD)、이급청광안등질병적주요병리기출시시망막각급신경원적결구화공능성이상,최종조성환자시력적불가역성손해,시엄중적치맹성안병,목전결핍유효적치료방법. 수착근년래과학기술적비속발전,기인치료、간세포치료、자괄응광학기술이급인공시각급상술질병적치료제공료가능. 인류기인조계화적완성급상관측서기술적엄범응용,위인류대질병적본질인식대래료신적혁명,야위질병적분자분형、생물진단급기인수평적치료도대래료신적동력. 인문대안병적료해야월래월전면,치료방안재기인체대치료기출상,진일보정합료세포인자치료이급광유전학치료등. 기인치료기술재안과취득료거대적진전,단불능조지모사유공능적세포진일보조망,저취수요아문연합일류가이만구세포조망적기인공동이식,요요수요채용세포체대치료,장유공능적세포대체손상적세포,종이회복기공능. 유우간세포무한적증생능력화다향적분화잠능,성위료세포체대치료적신희망. 통과시망막간세포이식,사기정합입시망막각층병차분화위목표세포,이중건시망막공능,급불가역성맹안환자대래료서광. 신경간세포적자아경신、다분화잠능,사득기비상괄합여세포이식;이궤체내엄범존재적신경간세포가상체외배양확증기술위아문제공료충족적세포원. 단간세포적안부이식후세포존재이행능력、존활효솔이급향목적세포적분화능력등난점,이기인치료기술화납미생물학재료적발전위해결저일난제제공료신적사로,경진일보적추동료저일기술적발전. 근년래,자괄응광학기술재안과영역적응용축보확대,유망실현각충안병적조기진단화치료,파질병소멸재맹아상태. 인공시각해결림상상모사엄중치맹안병무유효치료방법적문제,시의학생물공정학、재료과학、전자공정학급시각과학등다학과연합연발적산물. 상신재상관영역연구자적불단노력급합작하,일정능구연제출가위환자제공시각공능적인공시각가체.
Retinal degenerative diseases , such as retinitis pigmentosa ( RP ) , age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) , as well as glaucoma and other diseases the main pathological basis of abnormal structure and function of retinal neurons at all levels ,resulting in irreversible damage to the visual acuity ,is the leading cause of irreversible blindness , and lack of effective treatment methods .With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years , gene therapy , stem cell therapy , adaptive optics technology and artificial vision to the treatment of these diseases may be provided .The completion of the human genome project and the wide application of the related sequencing technology have brought a new revolution to the nature of the disease ,and also brought new impetus to the disease molecular classification , biological diagnosis and gene therapy .People′s understanding of the eye disease is also more comprehensive , the treatment plan on the basis of gene replacement therapy ,and further integrated cell factor therapy ,and the treatment of light genetics , etc..The gene therapy technology has made great progress in Department of Ophthalmology ,but it can not stop some of the functions of cell apoptosis , which requires us to combine a class of genes that can save the cell apoptosis ,or need to use alternative treatment ,the functional cells instead of the injured cells , thereby restoring its function .Because of the unlimited proliferation and multi differentiation potential of stem cells ,it has become a new hope for cell replacement therapy .The retinal stem cell transplantation ,which is integrated into the retina ,and differentiated into the target cells ,to reconstruct the retinal function , has brought the light to the irreversible blindness .The self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential of neural stem cells ,which are suitable for the cell transplantation ,and the expansion of the widely used neural stem cells in vitro and in vitro culture and amplification technology ,provide us with plenty of cell source .However , there are some difficulties , such as the ability of cell migration , survival efficiency and differentiation ability of the target cells ,while the development of gene therapy technology and nano materials provide a new way to solve this problem , and further promote the development of this technology .In recent years , the application of adaptive optical technology in the field of Department of ophthalmology is expected to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of various eye diseases , the disease is eliminated in the bud .Artificial visual solve clinical certain serious blindness no effective treatment ,medical and biological engineering , materials science , electronic engineering and visual science and other multi-disciplinary joint research and development of product .Believe in the continuous efforts and cooperation in the field of research ,we must be able to develop artificial visual prosthesis for patients with visual function .