中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）
中國礦業大學學報（社會科學版）
중국광업대학학보（사회과학판）
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology (Social Sciences)
2015年
5期
29-35
,共7页
抗日战争%南京国民政府%铁路战备
抗日戰爭%南京國民政府%鐵路戰備
항일전쟁%남경국민정부%철로전비
Anti-Japanese War%Nanjing national government%railway combat readiness
从1931年到全面抗战爆发之前，南京国民政府为了应对日本的侵略以及国防的需要实施了铁路战备措施.“九?一八”事变后，南京国民政府内部就开始蕴育铁路战备意识，并以国防设计委员会为依托制定了铁路战备决策.1935年国民党“五大”的召开实现了其策略由对内“剿共”到对外抗日的转变.此后，南京国民政府以铁道部为铁路战备的领导核心，积极主动实行了一系列举措，如线路规划、铁路建设筹款、修筑战备铁路以及铁路员工的军事训练等，来推动铁路战备措施的落实，并取得了较大的成绩.南京国民政府所做的战前铁路战备努力，着眼于战备铁路的规划和建设，运输能力的增强和提升，更具战略意义，为全面抗战初期国民政府的军事抵抗奠定了重要基础，但同时也有一些局限性.
從1931年到全麵抗戰爆髮之前，南京國民政府為瞭應對日本的侵略以及國防的需要實施瞭鐵路戰備措施.“九?一八”事變後，南京國民政府內部就開始蘊育鐵路戰備意識，併以國防設計委員會為依託製定瞭鐵路戰備決策.1935年國民黨“五大”的召開實現瞭其策略由對內“勦共”到對外抗日的轉變.此後，南京國民政府以鐵道部為鐵路戰備的領導覈心，積極主動實行瞭一繫列舉措，如線路規劃、鐵路建設籌款、脩築戰備鐵路以及鐵路員工的軍事訓練等，來推動鐵路戰備措施的落實，併取得瞭較大的成績.南京國民政府所做的戰前鐵路戰備努力，著眼于戰備鐵路的規劃和建設，運輸能力的增彊和提升，更具戰略意義，為全麵抗戰初期國民政府的軍事牴抗奠定瞭重要基礎，但同時也有一些跼限性.
종1931년도전면항전폭발지전，남경국민정부위료응대일본적침략이급국방적수요실시료철로전비조시.“구?일팔”사변후，남경국민정부내부취개시온육철로전비의식，병이국방설계위원회위의탁제정료철로전비결책.1935년국민당“오대”적소개실현료기책략유대내“초공”도대외항일적전변.차후，남경국민정부이철도부위철로전비적령도핵심，적겁주동실행료일계열거조，여선로규화、철로건설주관、수축전비철로이급철로원공적군사훈련등，래추동철로전비조시적락실，병취득료교대적성적.남경국민정부소주적전전철로전비노력，착안우전비철로적규화화건설，운수능력적증강화제승，경구전략의의，위전면항전초기국민정부적군사저항전정료중요기출，단동시야유일사국한성.
From 1 931 to 1 937,before the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War,Nanjing national government took measures for rail combat readiness against the Japanese invasion and for the need of national defense.After the Mukden Incident in 1 931,Nanjing national government began to take into account the rail combat readiness and made decisions of railway combat readiness supported by national defense planning committee.Kuomintang's "Fifth Congress" in 1 935 made the change in their strategy from suppressing communists at home to fighting against Japanese aggressors.Thereafter,the Nanjing national government took Ministry of Railways as the core leadership for railway combat readiness and implemented a series of positive measures, such as planning lines, raising funds for railway construction,building railways and providing military training for railway staff,etc.,In this way,they achieved great results by putting into effect the measures for railway preparedness.With a view to planning and constructing railways in combat readiness and promoting railway transportation capacity, all the efforts that Nanjing national government had made in railway combat readiness before the war was of great strategic significance,which laid an important foundation for military resistance on the part of the National Government at the initial stage of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War and at the same time also reflected their limitations.
