CAJ | 학술논문

创业者是创业活动的灵魂人物，也是创业研究的核心议题。传统的个体特质和资源禀赋理论虽然能够从一定程度上反映创业者所具有的一些共性特征，但无法从根源上回答“谁是创业者”的问题。文章基于企业契约安排的视角，从企业的本质和权力源泉来审视创业者的本质，阐明创业者是企业的中心签约人，也是企业契约的安排者；通过梳理和比较分析“资本雇佣劳动”和“劳动雇用资本”两种关于企业中心签约人的观点，并进一步结合创业资源观和关键性资源理论进行深入剖析，指出具有关键性资源才能够掌握企业权力的使用权，进而能够安排企业契约，成为创业者。因此，“创业者”天然地来源于企业中关键性生产要素的所有者，从根源上回答了“谁是创业者”的问题。
창업자시창업활동적령혼인물，야시창업연구적핵심의제。전통적개체특질화자원품부이론수연능구종일정정도상반영창업자소구유적일사공성특정，단무법종근원상회답“수시창업자”적문제。문장기우기업계약안배적시각，종기업적본질화권력원천래심시창업자적본질，천명창업자시기업적중심첨약인，야시기업계약적안배자；통과소리화비교분석“자본고용노동”화“노동고용자본”량충관우기업중심첨약인적관점，병진일보결합창업자원관화관건성자원이론진행심입부석，지출구유관건성자원재능구장악기업권력적사용권，진이능구안배기업계약，성위창업자。인차，“창업자”천연지래원우기업중관건성생산요소적소유자，종근원상회답료“수시창업자”적문제。
Entrepreneur is the soul of entrepreneurial activity, and is a core issue of entrepreneurship research. The traditional th-eories of individual characteristics and resources endowments reflects some common features of the entrepreneur , but can't answer the question of "who is the entrepreneur". This paper bases on the enterprise contractual arrangements perspective , analyzes the nature of entrepreneur from the nature of the firm and the power resource, points out the idea that entrepreneur is the centralized contractual agent who arranges the contract of the enterprise, reviews and comparatively analyzes the two views of centralized contractual agent and enterprise contractual arrangements that are "capital hires labor" and "labor hires capital". Combining the entrepreneurial resources theory and critical resources theory to research deeply, this paper points out that who has critical resources, owns the power of the enterprise and then arranges the contract of the enterprise. Therefore , entrepreneur is naturally borne from the owner of the critical resources in the enterprise.