CAJ | 학술논문

收集南京地区55年气象观测资料，采用Penman－Monteith公式计算参考作物需水量；以多年实测数据与分段单值平均法相结合确定水稻作物系数；采用单作物系数法计算水稻需水量，再根据水量平衡原理，结合浅湿灌溉制度，推算南京地区不同分区、不同水文年、不同灌区类型的水稻耗水量和灌溉定额。根据未来水稻生育期暴雨发生概率增加的特点，提出更适宜南京地区推广的水稻蓄水控灌模式，以减少水量损失、提高降雨利用率。结果表明：南京地区一般干旱年降雨有效利用率达70％～85％，特枯年接近100％。
수집남경지구55년기상관측자료，채용Penman－Monteith공식계산삼고작물수수량；이다년실측수거여분단단치평균법상결합학정수도작물계수；채용단작물계수법계산수도수수량，재근거수량평형원리，결합천습관개제도，추산남경지구불동분구、불동수문년、불동관구류형적수도모수량화관개정액。근거미래수도생육기폭우발생개솔증가적특점，제출경괄의남경지구추엄적수도축수공관모식，이감소수량손실、제고강우이용솔。결과표명：남경지구일반간한년강우유효이용솔체70％～85％，특고년접근100％。
In this study, 55-year observing meteorological data were collected and used to calculate the water requirement of reference crop by applying Penman-Monteith formula.Crop coefficient of rice was determined by combining measured data for years with the single time average method.Single crop coefficient approach was used to calculate water requirement of rice.And the water consumption of rice and the irrigation quota were calculated in various partitions and irrigation types of Nanjing in different hydrological years, according to water balance principle combined with shallow-wet irrigation system.Based on the fact that the probability of future rainstorm during rice growth period is increasing, we present a rain water storage and controllable irrigation mode suitable for the generalization in Nanjing, to reduce loss of water and increase rainfall utilization rate.The results indicate that the effective utilization rates of rainfall in common drought years are between 70%~85%, and can reach nearly 100%in extreme drought years.