CAJ | 학술논문

采用定点调查和生物量定量分析方法对内蒙古典型草原不同草地蝗虫群落结构和生态位进行研究，结果表明，典型草原蝗虫群落结构丰富，主要蝗虫有11种，草原蝗虫的时间分布揭示了蝗虫时间生态位的分化，宽须蚁蝗[Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zubowsky)]，亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko)、短星翅蝗(Callipta-mus abbreviatus Ikonnikov)分别构成镶黄旗草原蝗虫早期、中期、晚期优势种；根据蝗虫种群地位，将11种蝗虫划分为优势种、附属种、稀少种，把11种蝗虫按空间地位划分为禾草地类、荒草类、特殊类和全域类4类，优势种蝗虫的种群与空间地位，反映了蝗虫与植被、蝗虫与蝗虫之间关系。优势种蝗虫中短星翅蝗的时空生态位宽度最大，其次是亚洲小车蝗和宽须蚁蝗，说明短星翅蝗对时空“资源”的利用程度最高，共存的蝗虫种类在“资源”利用上存在着明显的分化，亚洲小车蝗与宽须蚁蝗的生态位重叠最大，说明两者利用资源的相似性程度最高。我们用生态位来体现蝗虫种群地位及对资源的利用，同时也用资源的系统聚类来预测蝗虫的潜在发生与危害。本文系统地研究了蝗虫群落结构和蝗虫生态位，将为评价草原蝗虫潜在发生与危害、蝗虫宜生区划分和制定草原有害生物防治策略提供理论基础。
채용정점조사화생물량정량분석방법대내몽고전형초원불동초지황충군락결구화생태위진행연구，결과표명，전형초원황충군락결구봉부，주요황충유11충，초원황충적시간분포게시료황충시간생태위적분화，관수의황[Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zubowsky)]，아주소차황(Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko)、단성시황(Callipta-mus abbreviatus Ikonnikov)분별구성양황기초원황충조기、중기、만기우세충；근거황충충군지위，장11충황충화분위우세충、부속충、희소충，파11충황충안공간지위화분위화초지류、황초류、특수류화전역류4류，우세충황충적충군여공간지위，반영료황충여식피、황충여황충지간관계。우세충황충중단성시황적시공생태위관도최대，기차시아주소차황화관수의황，설명단성시황대시공“자원”적이용정도최고，공존적황충충류재“자원”이용상존재착명현적분화，아주소차황여관수의황적생태위중첩최대，설명량자이용자원적상사성정도최고。아문용생태위래체현황충충군지위급대자원적이용，동시야용자원적계통취류래예측황충적잠재발생여위해。본문계통지연구료황충군락결구화황충생태위，장위평개초원황충잠재발생여위해、황충의생구화분화제정초원유해생물방치책략제공이론기출。
We studied the community structure and ecological niche of different grasshoppers in typical steppes in Inner Mongolia by means of central location survey and quantitative analysis of biomass.The results showed that community of typical grassland was rich,containing 1 1 main species.Time distribution of grasshoppers revealed the time niche differentiation.Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zubowsky),Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov were earlier,middle,and later dominant species,respectively.Eleven species of grasshoppers could be divided into dominant species,affiliated species and rare species on the basis of grasshop-per population status,and four types,including grass type,weed type,special type and whole-domain type ac-cording to the space status of grasshoppers.Population and space status of dominant species reflected the relation-ships between the grasshopper species and between grasshoppers and vegetation.C .abbreviatus occupied the wi-dest spatial and temporal niches,followed by O .decorus asiaticus and M.palpalis ,indicating that C .abbreviatus make the most of space-time resources,and coexisting grasshoppers had obvious differentiation in the use of the resource.O .decorus asiaticus had the biggest niche overlap with M.palpalis ,suggesting that the two shared the highest degree of similarity in using the resources.We used ecological niche to reflect the population status and the utilization of resource,and hierachical cluster to forecast the potential occurrence and hazards.The community structure and ecological niche of grasshoppers were studied systematically,which may provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the potential oc-currence and hazards,partitioning inhabitable areas,and generating grassland pest control strategy.