南京体育学院学报（社会科学版）
南京體育學院學報（社會科學版）
남경체육학원학보（사회과학판）
Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education (Social Sciences)
2015年
5期
113-120
,共8页
竞技体育%奥运会%金牌%优势项目
競技體育%奧運會%金牌%優勢項目
경기체육%오운회%금패%우세항목
competitive sport%the Olympic Games%gold medal%superiority events
利用文献资料法、数理统计法与比较研究法等，对我国所参加的历届夏季奥运会与冬季奥运会所获金牌数量、金牌运动员籍贯以及金牌项目的时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明：我国奥运会金牌总数在时间分布上呈现波浪式前进态势；我国奥运优势项目主要分布在体能主导类的快速力量性，技能主导类的表现难美性、表现准确性、隔网对抗性四大亚项群的举重、体操与跳水、射击、乒乓球与羽毛球六个项目；奥运优势项目的金牌贡献率达到74．61%，其区域分布呈现不均衡性，在纬度上主要存在质性差异，在经度上存在数量差异性；奥运优势项目分布呈现强、较强与弱三大区域。建议深化优先发展战略，抓住国家区域协调发展机遇，促进竞技体育区域协调发展，做好奥运优势项目的均匀性分布与发展，拓宽发展路径，全面提升我国奥运项目整体竞技实力。
利用文獻資料法、數理統計法與比較研究法等，對我國所參加的歷屆夏季奧運會與鼕季奧運會所穫金牌數量、金牌運動員籍貫以及金牌項目的時空分佈特徵進行研究。結果錶明：我國奧運會金牌總數在時間分佈上呈現波浪式前進態勢；我國奧運優勢項目主要分佈在體能主導類的快速力量性，技能主導類的錶現難美性、錶現準確性、隔網對抗性四大亞項群的舉重、體操與跳水、射擊、乒乓毬與羽毛毬六箇項目；奧運優勢項目的金牌貢獻率達到74．61%，其區域分佈呈現不均衡性，在緯度上主要存在質性差異，在經度上存在數量差異性；奧運優勢項目分佈呈現彊、較彊與弱三大區域。建議深化優先髮展戰略，抓住國傢區域協調髮展機遇，促進競技體育區域協調髮展，做好奧運優勢項目的均勻性分佈與髮展，拓寬髮展路徑，全麵提升我國奧運項目整體競技實力。
이용문헌자료법、수리통계법여비교연구법등，대아국소삼가적력계하계오운회여동계오운회소획금패수량、금패운동원적관이급금패항목적시공분포특정진행연구。결과표명：아국오운회금패총수재시간분포상정현파랑식전진태세；아국오운우세항목주요분포재체능주도류적쾌속역량성，기능주도류적표현난미성、표현준학성、격망대항성사대아항군적거중、체조여도수、사격、핑퐁구여우모구륙개항목；오운우세항목적금패공헌솔체도74．61%，기구역분포정현불균형성，재위도상주요존재질성차이，재경도상존재수량차이성；오운우세항목분포정현강、교강여약삼대구역。건의심화우선발전전략，조주국가구역협조발전궤우，촉진경기체육구역협조발전，주호오운우세항목적균균성분포여발전，탁관발전로경，전면제승아국오운항목정체경기실력。
In the present project,we looked at the number of gold medals that China has won at the Olympic Sum-mer and Winter Games,the places of origin of the gold medalists,and the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of the gold-winning sports events. Temporally,we found a wave-like upward pattern in the number of gold medals,and that superiority events are mainly distributed among six events,i. e. ,weightlifting,gymnastics div-ing,shooting,table tennis and badminton, in four major subgroups of events:the speed-and-power-demanding, the difficulty-and-beauty-demanding,the accuracy-demanding,and the net events,the first subgroup being based on fit-ness and the latter three on skill. The superiority Olympic events have contributed 74. 6%of all gold medals won by China at the Olympic Games,with an uneven regional distribution,showing a difference in quality longitudinally and one in quantity latitudinally. These events are distributed over three regions,which are rated as strong,fairly strong and weak respectively. For the comprehensive upgrade of China’s competitiveness in the Olympic events,we suggest deepening the priority development strategy,seizing the opportunity for national coordinated regional development to promote coordinated regional development of competitive sports,working for an even distribution and development of the superiority Olympic events,and broadening development paths.
