CAJ | 학술논문

我国生态环境监管体制，横向上具有统一监督管理与各部门分工负责相结合的特点，纵向上具有中央与地方的分级监督管理相结合的特点，与我国经济社会发展的水平相适应。但也存在一些问题，如横向职能分散，缺乏有效协调；纵向监管乏力，执行约束不足；社会和市场参与不足，多元共治的环保体制尚未健全。域外具有环境保护监管职能趋向独立和综合、环境保护和其他邻接领域监管职能趋向合并、环境保护职能趋向分散三类代表性体制，体现权威性加强、集中与分散相结合、强调协调与合作等发展趋势。我国生态环境监管体制改革，横向上可以赋予环保部门宏观调控、综合协调、监督执法、公共服务的职能和协调权；纵向上加强国家一级的环保监督管理能力，保障落实省一级的环保责任。为了建立自然资源节约、生态保护和污染防治统一监督管理的机制，有必要恢复设立国家和地方环境保护委员会及其办公室，明确地方各级环境保护部门的统一监督管理职责，在地方各级环境保护局内设立统一监督管理机构，优化相关领域的自然资源、生态保护和环境污染防治监管体制机制，明确专门监管与综合监管失职的责任和责任追究机制等。
아국생태배경감관체제，횡향상구유통일감독관리여각부문분공부책상결합적특점，종향상구유중앙여지방적분급감독관리상결합적특점，여아국경제사회발전적수평상괄응。단야존재일사문제，여횡향직능분산，결핍유효협조；종향감관핍력，집행약속불족；사회화시장삼여불족，다원공치적배보체제상미건전。역외구유배경보호감관직능추향독립화종합、배경보호화기타린접영역감관직능추향합병、배경보호직능추향분산삼류대표성체제，체현권위성가강、집중여분산상결합、강조협조여합작등발전추세。아국생태배경감관체제개혁，횡향상가이부여배보부문굉관조공、종합협조、감독집법、공공복무적직능화협조권；종향상가강국가일급적배보감독관리능력，보장락실성일급적배보책임。위료건립자연자원절약、생태보호화오염방치통일감독관리적궤제，유필요회복설입국가화지방배경보호위원회급기판공실，명학지방각급배경보호부문적통일감독관리직책，재지방각급배경보호국내설립통일감독관리궤구，우화상관영역적자연자원、생태보호화배경오염방치감관체제궤제，명학전문감관여종합감관실직적책임화책임추구궤제등。
In China the Ecological environment regulatory regime, with the feature that laterally a combination of unifi ed supervision and management and division of the responsibility, while, longitudinally a hierarchical supervision and management of the central and the local, adapts to the level of our economic and social development. However, there are some issues, such as cross-functional dispersion, the lack of effective coordination, implementation constraints, social and market participants, and the weak longitudinal supervision, which lead to an incomplete multi-party environmental governance system. The foreign environmental regulatory regime has three representative characteristics—functions tend to be independent and comprehensive, environmental protection and other adjacent portion regulatory functions go to merge, environmental preservation functions tend to disperse. The trends refl ect the strengthened authority, combining centralization and decentralization, and emphasis on coordination and cooperation. Ecological environment supervision regime reform in China, can empower environmental protection departments in macro-control, comprehensive coordination, supervision and law enforcement, also public service functions. What’s more, we can strengthen environmental supervision and management capacity at the national level, to guarantee the implementation of environmental responsibility at the provincial level. It is necessary to restore the national and local environmental protection committee and its office, in order to establish unified supervision and management mechanisms of natural resource conservation, ecological protection and pollution prevention and control. The institute will clear unified supervision and management responsibilities of local environmental protection departments at all levels, with the establishment of unified supervision and management institutions within the office. It can also help to optimize related fields’ natural resources, ecological protection and pollution prevention regulatory regime and mechanisms, by specifying the dereliction of duty and accountability mechanisms of specialized and comprehensive regulatory and so on.