CAJ | 학술논문

应用紫外-可见光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、三维荧光光谱技术对热带地区土壤、堆肥、植物残体3类典型来源水溶性有机质(D O M)的组分进行光谱特性研究，探讨其芳香性、官能团种类、腐殖质成分，初步分析了秸秆粉碎还田和堆肥还田DOM对土壤环境的潜在风险。结果表明：对于紫外-可见光光谱的特征指标SUVA254、SUVA280、A260/TOC，堆肥DOM(木薯杆堆肥DOM＞甘蔗叶堆肥DOM)＞土壤DOM(水稻田土壤DOM＞香蕉地土壤DOM)＞植物残体DOM(水稻根系DOM＞水稻秸秆DOM)，说明堆肥DOM的芳香性最高、分子量最大、疏水性最强。红外光谱特征表明，植物残体DOM具有脂肪烷烃物质、蛋白质物质，含较多的-OH、-CH2、-CH、N-H、C-O基团；堆肥DOM富含酚羟类物质，具有较多C=O、C=C、N-O、C-O、-NH2等活性官能团；土壤DOM红外光谱复杂，主要含较多脂肪族腈、NH4+和一定量-OH、-COOH、C-O。三维荧光光谱分析表明，植物残体DOM富含类黄腐酸物质，并含类蛋白物质；土壤DOM、堆肥DOM均含类腐植酸物质，其中木薯杆堆肥DOM的腐植酸芳香性最高。堆肥DOM有利于污染物在土壤中的固定；植物残体DOM可增加污染物的迁移性，对地下水、地表径流具有潜在环境风险。
응용자외-가견광광보、부리협홍외광보、삼유형광광보기술대열대지구토양、퇴비、식물잔체3류전형래원수용성유궤질(D O M)적조분진행광보특성연구，탐토기방향성、관능단충류、부식질성분，초보분석료갈간분쇄환전화퇴비환전DOM대토양배경적잠재풍험。결과표명：대우자외-가견광광보적특정지표SUVA254、SUVA280、A260/TOC，퇴비DOM(목서간퇴비DOM＞감자협퇴비DOM)＞토양DOM(수도전토양DOM＞향초지토양DOM)＞식물잔체DOM(수도근계DOM＞수도갈간DOM)，설명퇴비DOM적방향성최고、분자량최대、소수성최강。홍외광보특정표명，식물잔체DOM구유지방완경물질、단백질물질，함교다적-OH、-CH2、-CH、N-H、C-O기단；퇴비DOM부함분간류물질，구유교다C=O、C=C、N-O、C-O、-NH2등활성관능단；토양DOM홍외광보복잡，주요함교다지방족정、NH4+화일정량-OH、-COOH、C-O。삼유형광광보분석표명，식물잔체DOM부함류황부산물질，병함류단백물질；토양DOM、퇴비DOM균함류부식산물질，기중목서간퇴비DOM적부식산방향성최고。퇴비DOM유리우오염물재토양중적고정；식물잔체DOM가증가오염물적천이성，대지하수、지표경류구유잠재배경풍험。
By using UV-Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix lfuorescence(3D-EEM) spectrum, chemical structures of dissolved organic matters (DOM) were in-vestigated. DOM were extracted from soil, compost, plant residue. So the aromaticity, types of functional groups, com-position of humus was reseached. Analyze the risk of soil environment when straw crushing and compost applying in preliminary. The results showed that the ultraviolet SUVA254, SUVA280 and A260/TOC values decreased as compost DOM (cassava stem DOM > sugarcane leaf DOM) > soil DOM (paddy ifelds DOM > banana ifelds DOM) > plant residue DOM (rice straw DOM > rice root DOM). It indicated that both aromaticity and molecular weight of compost DOM were higher than other DOMs. The results of FTIR showed that the characteristic peaks of -OH, -CH2,-CH, N-H, C-O were clearly shown in DOM of plant residues, which had more aliphatic hydrocarbons and protein-like substance; com-post DOM contain more function groups of C=O, C=C, N-O, C-O, -NH2. Soil DOM have more aliphatic nitriles NH4+and function groups of -OH, -COOH, C-O. The results of 3D-EEM spectrum showed that DOM of plant residues con-tained fulvic acid-like substance and a little protein-like substance. DOM of soil and compost had more humic acid-like substance. The humic acid extract form cassava stem compost had the higest aromaticity. Compost DOM can enhance the ifxation of pollutants in the soil. Contrarily, plant residues DOM can increase the migration of pollutants from soil to water and plant. Therefore, adding plant residues DOM in soil probability have potential environmental risk to ground-water and surface runoff.