农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
2015年
21期
76-86
,共11页
孙建军%张洪程%王生轩%郭保卫%陈波%魏海燕%戴其根%许轲%尹海庆%霍中洋%陈献功%王付华%王亚%翟顺国%姜明波
孫建軍%張洪程%王生軒%郭保衛%陳波%魏海燕%戴其根%許軻%尹海慶%霍中洋%陳獻功%王付華%王亞%翟順國%薑明波
손건군%장홍정%왕생헌%곽보위%진파%위해연%대기근%허가%윤해경%곽중양%진헌공%왕부화%왕아%적순국%강명파
栽培%播种%机械化%播期%机插稻%产量%群体生长率
栽培%播種%機械化%播期%機插稻%產量%群體生長率
재배%파충%궤계화%파기%궤삽도%산량%군체생장솔
cultivation%seeding%mechanization%seeding date%mechanical transplanting rice%yield%population growth rate
为了探讨河南省稻-麦两熟区播期对不同品种类型机插稻生长特性的影响，在豫南稻区罗山，以生产上主推的常规中熟中粳、常规和杂交迟熟中粳、常规早熟晚粳和迟熟中籼5个类型品种为材料，通过分期播种试验，对不同品种类型毯苗机插水稻的产量及其构成因素、茎蘖数、干物质量及群体生长率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明：1）在试验设置的播期范围内，不同品种机插稻平均产量在播期间和品种类型间差异达极显著（P<0.01），即随着播期的推迟呈极显著下降（P<0.01），第Ⅰ播期（5月11日，10.60 t/hm2）较第Ⅱ（5月16日）－Ⅵ（6月5日）播期分别增产2.15%～28.81%；杂交迟熟中粳产量（10.44 t/hm2）极显著高于其他4种品种类型（P<0.01），较其他类型品种分别增产9.20%～17.53%。同一品种类型，除了中熟中粳的产量在第Ⅱ播期（5月16日）最高，随后呈显著递减趋势外，其他4种类型品种机插稻的产量均是随着播期的推迟呈极显著下降趋势（P<0.01），但品种类型间下降幅度不同。2）在产量构成因素中，除结实率在年份间差异不显著、在播期间和品种类型间差异极显著外，其他产量构成因素在年份间、播期间和品种类型间差异均达极显著（P<0.01）。同一类型品种，除中熟中粳的结实率随播期推迟呈先略升后明显下降趋势外，其他类型品种的穗数、每穗颖花数、总颖花量、结实率和千粒质量等产量构成因素均是随播期的推迟呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）下降趋势；在播期影响下，每穗颖花数和结实率的变化较大，穗数和千粒质量的变化较小；且对产量影响大小为每穗颖花数＞结实率＞穗数＞千粒质量；相关分析表明，产量与每穗粒数、总颖花量和结实率呈显著或极显著正相关，与穗数和千粒质量呈负相关；总颖花量与每穗粒数呈极显著正相关，与穗数呈负相关。进一步通径分析表明，对产量的贡献率最大的是群体颖花量，最小的是千粒质量，对群体颖花量的贡献率较大的是每穗颖花数，较小的是穗数。3）随着播期的推迟，不同品种类型水稻的茎蘖数在拔节期呈明显的递增趋势，在抽穗期和成熟期呈明显的下降趋势；单茎和群体干物质量、群体生长率在主要生育时期均呈逐渐下降趋势；成穗率和收获指数均呈逐渐下降趋势；但品种类型间和播期间下降幅度不同。综合机插稻高产及生育安全性考虑，豫南稻区首选杂交迟熟中粳“穗大粒多”型品种，适宜播期可推迟到5月25日。该研究结果为河南省豫南稻区机插水稻高产高效生产及配套品种的科学选用提供参考。
為瞭探討河南省稻-麥兩熟區播期對不同品種類型機插稻生長特性的影響，在豫南稻區囉山，以生產上主推的常規中熟中粳、常規和雜交遲熟中粳、常規早熟晚粳和遲熟中秈5箇類型品種為材料，通過分期播種試驗，對不同品種類型毯苗機插水稻的產量及其構成因素、莖蘗數、榦物質量及群體生長率等方麵進行瞭繫統的比較研究。結果錶明：1）在試驗設置的播期範圍內，不同品種機插稻平均產量在播期間和品種類型間差異達極顯著（P<0.01），即隨著播期的推遲呈極顯著下降（P<0.01），第Ⅰ播期（5月11日，10.60 t/hm2）較第Ⅱ（5月16日）－Ⅵ（6月5日）播期分彆增產2.15%～28.81%；雜交遲熟中粳產量（10.44 t/hm2）極顯著高于其他4種品種類型（P<0.01），較其他類型品種分彆增產9.20%～17.53%。同一品種類型，除瞭中熟中粳的產量在第Ⅱ播期（5月16日）最高，隨後呈顯著遞減趨勢外，其他4種類型品種機插稻的產量均是隨著播期的推遲呈極顯著下降趨勢（P<0.01），但品種類型間下降幅度不同。2）在產量構成因素中，除結實率在年份間差異不顯著、在播期間和品種類型間差異極顯著外，其他產量構成因素在年份間、播期間和品種類型間差異均達極顯著（P<0.01）。同一類型品種，除中熟中粳的結實率隨播期推遲呈先略升後明顯下降趨勢外，其他類型品種的穗數、每穗穎花數、總穎花量、結實率和韆粒質量等產量構成因素均是隨播期的推遲呈顯著（P<0.05）或極顯著（P<0.01）下降趨勢；在播期影響下，每穗穎花數和結實率的變化較大，穗數和韆粒質量的變化較小；且對產量影響大小為每穗穎花數＞結實率＞穗數＞韆粒質量；相關分析錶明，產量與每穗粒數、總穎花量和結實率呈顯著或極顯著正相關，與穗數和韆粒質量呈負相關；總穎花量與每穗粒數呈極顯著正相關，與穗數呈負相關。進一步通徑分析錶明，對產量的貢獻率最大的是群體穎花量，最小的是韆粒質量，對群體穎花量的貢獻率較大的是每穗穎花數，較小的是穗數。3）隨著播期的推遲，不同品種類型水稻的莖蘗數在拔節期呈明顯的遞增趨勢，在抽穗期和成熟期呈明顯的下降趨勢；單莖和群體榦物質量、群體生長率在主要生育時期均呈逐漸下降趨勢；成穗率和收穫指數均呈逐漸下降趨勢；但品種類型間和播期間下降幅度不同。綜閤機插稻高產及生育安全性攷慮，豫南稻區首選雜交遲熟中粳“穗大粒多”型品種，適宜播期可推遲到5月25日。該研究結果為河南省豫南稻區機插水稻高產高效生產及配套品種的科學選用提供參攷。
위료탐토하남성도-맥량숙구파기대불동품충류형궤삽도생장특성적영향，재예남도구라산，이생산상주추적상규중숙중갱、상규화잡교지숙중갱、상규조숙만갱화지숙중선5개류형품충위재료，통과분기파충시험，대불동품충류형담묘궤삽수도적산량급기구성인소、경얼수、간물질량급군체생장솔등방면진행료계통적비교연구。결과표명：1）재시험설치적파기범위내，불동품충궤삽도평균산량재파기간화품충류형간차이체겁현저（P<0.01），즉수착파기적추지정겁현저하강（P<0.01），제Ⅰ파기（5월11일，10.60 t/hm2）교제Ⅱ（5월16일）－Ⅵ（6월5일）파기분별증산2.15%～28.81%；잡교지숙중갱산량（10.44 t/hm2）겁현저고우기타4충품충류형（P<0.01），교기타류형품충분별증산9.20%～17.53%。동일품충류형，제료중숙중갱적산량재제Ⅱ파기（5월16일）최고，수후정현저체감추세외，기타4충류형품충궤삽도적산량균시수착파기적추지정겁현저하강추세（P<0.01），단품충류형간하강폭도불동。2）재산량구성인소중，제결실솔재년빈간차이불현저、재파기간화품충류형간차이겁현저외，기타산량구성인소재년빈간、파기간화품충류형간차이균체겁현저（P<0.01）。동일류형품충，제중숙중갱적결실솔수파기추지정선략승후명현하강추세외，기타류형품충적수수、매수영화수、총영화량、결실솔화천립질량등산량구성인소균시수파기적추지정현저（P<0.05）혹겁현저（P<0.01）하강추세；재파기영향하，매수영화수화결실솔적변화교대，수수화천립질량적변화교소；차대산량영향대소위매수영화수＞결실솔＞수수＞천립질량；상관분석표명，산량여매수립수、총영화량화결실솔정현저혹겁현저정상관，여수수화천립질량정부상관；총영화량여매수립수정겁현저정상관，여수수정부상관。진일보통경분석표명，대산량적공헌솔최대적시군체영화량，최소적시천립질량，대군체영화량적공헌솔교대적시매수영화수，교소적시수수。3）수착파기적추지，불동품충류형수도적경얼수재발절기정명현적체증추세，재추수기화성숙기정명현적하강추세；단경화군체간물질량、군체생장솔재주요생육시기균정축점하강추세；성수솔화수획지수균정축점하강추세；단품충류형간화파기간하강폭도불동。종합궤삽도고산급생육안전성고필，예남도구수선잡교지숙중갱“수대립다”형품충，괄의파기가추지도5월25일。해연구결과위하남성예남도구궤삽수도고산고효생산급배투품충적과학선용제공삼고。
The objective of the study was to explore the effects of seeding date and variety on the growth characteristics of mechanical transplanted rice in the rice-wheat cropping system in the rice area of southern Henan. Taking 5 rice varieties i.e. conventional medium-maturing medium japonica rice variety, conventional and hybrid late-maturing medium japonica rice varieties, conventional early-maturing late japonica rice variety and hybrid late-maturing medium indica rice variety as experimental materials, sowing experiments were carried out. The effects of different seeding dates on grain yield and yield components, number of stems and tillers, dry matter weight and population growth rate of mechanical planted rice were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Within the set range of seeding date in the experiment, average yield of mechanical planted rice showed very significant difference among different sowing dates and varieties (P<0.01), but no significant difference between different years. This was particularly evident for the yield of hybrid late-maturing medium japonica rice variety (10.44 t/hm2) that was 9.20%-17.53% higher than the other 4 varieties (P<0.01). The output of conventional medium-maturing medium japonica rice variety was the highest in the second sowing period (on May 16) and subsequently showed a gradual decrease. The yields of other rice varieties were all the highest in the first seeding period (on May 11), and showed a trend of gradual decline with the delayed seeding date (P<0.01), but the decrease amplitudes were different among different rice varieties and sites. 2) In different yield components of mechanical planted rice, the difference of seed setting rate was not significant between the years but very significant for different sowing dates and varieties, while the differences of other yield components were all very significant for different years, sowing dates and varieties (P<0.01). The seed setting rate of conventional medium-maturing medium japonica rice variety slowly increased at first and thendecreased significantly since the second sowing data, but the yield components of other rice varieties such as panicle number, number of spikelets per panicle, total spikelets, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight all showed a significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) declining trend. Different seeding dates had a significant influence on number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate, but less significant influence on 1000-grain weight and panicle number. Correlation analysis showed that the effects of yield components on the yield from high to low were as follows: number of spikelets per panicle > seed setting rate > panicle number > 1000-grain weight, and grain yield showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with number of spikelets per panicle, total spikelets and seed setting rate, but showed negative correlation with panicle number and 1000-grain weight. Total spikelets showed an extremely significant positive correlation with number of spikelets per panicle, but showed a negative correlation with panicle number. Further path analysis showed that the rate of contribution to rice yield was total spikelets > seed setting rate > 1000-grain weight, and the rate of contribution to total spikelets was number of spikelets per panicle > panicle number. 3) With the delaying of seeding date, the number of stems and tillers showed an obvious increase at jointing stage and decreased at heading and maturity stage. Dry matter weight per stem and population, and population growth rate showed a gradual decline at jointing, heading and maturity stage depending on different rice varieties and seeding dates, but spike rate and harvest index had significant difference between rice varieties and seeding dates. Overall considering high yield and growth safety for mechanical transplanted rice, the preferred choice should be hybrid late-maturing medium indica rice variety for southern Henan, and the suitable seeding date may be delayed to May 25. The results will provide a reference for the high-yield and efficient production of different rice varieties under mechanical planting and for the choice of best possible varieties in southern Henan Province.
