农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
2015年
21期
160-167
,共8页
陈安强%付斌%鲁耀%段宗颜%胡万里
陳安彊%付斌%魯耀%段宗顏%鬍萬裏
진안강%부빈%로요%단종안%호만리
土壤%氮%有机碳%有机物料%土壤微生物量碳氮%可溶性有机碳氮%稻田
土壤%氮%有機碳%有機物料%土壤微生物量碳氮%可溶性有機碳氮%稻田
토양%담%유궤탄%유궤물료%토양미생물량탄담%가용성유궤탄담%도전
soils%nitrogen%organic carbon%organic material%soil microbial biomass C and N%dissolved organic C and N%paddy field
土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮是土壤碳、氮库中最活跃的组分，是反应土壤被干扰程度的重要灵敏性指标，通过设置相同有机碳施用量下不同有机物料处理的田间试验，研究了有机物料添加下土壤微生物量碳（soil microbial biomass carbon，MBC）、氮（soil microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）和可溶性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon， DOC）、氮（dissolved organic nitrogen，DON）的变化特征及相互关系。结果表明化肥和生物碳、玉米秸秆、鲜牛粪或松针配施下土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮显著大于不施肥处理（no fertilization，CK）和单施化肥处理，分别比不施肥处理和单施化肥平均高23.52%和12.66%（MBC）、42.68%和24.02%（MBN）、14.70%和9.99%（DOC）、22.32%和21.79%（DON）。化肥和有机物料配施处理中，化肥+鲜牛粪处理的微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮最高，比CK高26.20%（MBC）、49.54%（MBN）、19.29%（DOC）和32.81%（DON），其次是化肥+生物碳或化肥+玉米秸秆处理，而化肥+松针处理最低。土壤可溶性有机碳质量分数（308.87 mg/kg）小于微生物量碳（474.71 mg/kg），而可溶性有机氮质量分数（53.07 mg/kg）要大于微生物量氮（34.79 mg/kg）。与不施肥处理相比，化肥和有机物料配施显著降低MBC/MBN和DOC/DON，降低率分别为24.57%和7.71%。MBC和DOC、MBN和DON随着土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon，SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）的增加呈显著线性增加。MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC和DON+MBN之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。从相关程度看，DOC+MBC和DON+MBN较MBC、DOC、MBN、DON更能反映土壤中活性有机碳和氮库的变化，成为评价土壤肥力及质量的更有效指标。结果可为提高洱海流域农田土壤肥力，增强土壤固氮效果，减少土壤中氮素流失，保护洱海水质安全提供科学依据。
土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有機碳、氮是土壤碳、氮庫中最活躍的組分，是反應土壤被榦擾程度的重要靈敏性指標，通過設置相同有機碳施用量下不同有機物料處理的田間試驗，研究瞭有機物料添加下土壤微生物量碳（soil microbial biomass carbon，MBC）、氮（soil microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）和可溶性有機碳（dissolved organic carbon， DOC）、氮（dissolved organic nitrogen，DON）的變化特徵及相互關繫。結果錶明化肥和生物碳、玉米秸稈、鮮牛糞或鬆針配施下土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有機碳、氮顯著大于不施肥處理（no fertilization，CK）和單施化肥處理，分彆比不施肥處理和單施化肥平均高23.52%和12.66%（MBC）、42.68%和24.02%（MBN）、14.70%和9.99%（DOC）、22.32%和21.79%（DON）。化肥和有機物料配施處理中，化肥+鮮牛糞處理的微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有機碳、氮最高，比CK高26.20%（MBC）、49.54%（MBN）、19.29%（DOC）和32.81%（DON），其次是化肥+生物碳或化肥+玉米秸稈處理，而化肥+鬆針處理最低。土壤可溶性有機碳質量分數（308.87 mg/kg）小于微生物量碳（474.71 mg/kg），而可溶性有機氮質量分數（53.07 mg/kg）要大于微生物量氮（34.79 mg/kg）。與不施肥處理相比，化肥和有機物料配施顯著降低MBC/MBN和DOC/DON，降低率分彆為24.57%和7.71%。MBC和DOC、MBN和DON隨著土壤有機碳（soil organic carbon，SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）的增加呈顯著線性增加。MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC和DON+MBN之間呈極顯著正相關（P<0.01）。從相關程度看，DOC+MBC和DON+MBN較MBC、DOC、MBN、DON更能反映土壤中活性有機碳和氮庫的變化，成為評價土壤肥力及質量的更有效指標。結果可為提高洱海流域農田土壤肥力，增彊土壤固氮效果，減少土壤中氮素流失，保護洱海水質安全提供科學依據。
토양미생물량탄、담화가용성유궤탄、담시토양탄、담고중최활약적조분，시반응토양피간우정도적중요령민성지표，통과설치상동유궤탄시용량하불동유궤물료처리적전간시험，연구료유궤물료첨가하토양미생물량탄（soil microbial biomass carbon，MBC）、담（soil microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）화가용성유궤탄（dissolved organic carbon， DOC）、담（dissolved organic nitrogen，DON）적변화특정급상호관계。결과표명화비화생물탄、옥미갈간、선우분혹송침배시하토양미생물량탄、담화가용성유궤탄、담현저대우불시비처리（no fertilization，CK）화단시화비처리，분별비불시비처리화단시화비평균고23.52%화12.66%（MBC）、42.68%화24.02%（MBN）、14.70%화9.99%（DOC）、22.32%화21.79%（DON）。화비화유궤물료배시처리중，화비+선우분처리적미생물량탄、담화가용성유궤탄、담최고，비CK고26.20%（MBC）、49.54%（MBN）、19.29%（DOC）화32.81%（DON），기차시화비+생물탄혹화비+옥미갈간처리，이화비+송침처리최저。토양가용성유궤탄질량분수（308.87 mg/kg）소우미생물량탄（474.71 mg/kg），이가용성유궤담질량분수（53.07 mg/kg）요대우미생물량담（34.79 mg/kg）。여불시비처리상비，화비화유궤물료배시현저강저MBC/MBN화DOC/DON，강저솔분별위24.57%화7.71%。MBC화DOC、MBN화DON수착토양유궤탄（soil organic carbon，SOC）、전담（total nitrogen，TN）적증가정현저선성증가。MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC화DON+MBN지간정겁현저정상관（P<0.01）。종상관정도간，DOC+MBC화DON+MBN교MBC、DOC、MBN、DON경능반영토양중활성유궤탄화담고적변화，성위평개토양비력급질량적경유효지표。결과가위제고이해류역농전토양비력，증강토양고담효과，감소토양중담소류실，보호이해수질안전제공과학의거。
Soil microbial biomass C, N and dissolved organic C, N are the most active organic C components, and they can serve as important and also sensitive indexes for soil in response to disturbance. The change in characteristics of soil microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN) and dissolved organic C (DOC), N (DON) and their interrelations were studied by setting the field plot experiment with an addition of exogenous organic materials at different organic carbon rate. The results showed that soil microbial biomass C, N and dissolved organic C, N under the combined application of mineral fertilizers and biochar, maize straw, cow dung and pine needle were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those under no fertilizer (CK) and mineral fertilizers application treatments, respectively, with an average of 23.52% and 12.66% (MBC), 42.68% and 24.02% (MBN), 14.70% and 9.99% (DOC), 22.32% and 21.79% (DON) higher than those under CK and chemical fertilizers, respectively. For the treatments of combination of mineral fertilizers and different organic materials, soil microbial biomass C, N and dissolved organic C, N in the treatment of mineral fertilizers plus cow dung were the highest, they were 26.20% (MBC), 49.54% (MBN), 19.29% (DOC) and 32.81% (DON) respectively more than those of CK treatment, and next came the treatments of mineral fertilizers plus biochar or maize straw. Soil microbial biomass C, N and dissolved organic C, N were the lowest in the treatment of mineral fertilizers with pine needle incorporated. These differences were caused by the carbon, nitrogen contents and their component differences in quality of organic materials, different microbial communities and their ability to use carbon, nitrogen in organic materials, etc. The content of soil dissolved organic C (308.87 mg/kg soil) was less than microbial biomass C content (474.71 mg/kg soil), and the content of soil dissolved organic N (53.07 mg/kg soil) was less than microbial biomass N content (34.79 mg/kg soil). The combined application of mineral fertilizers and organic material significantly (P<0.05) reduced the MBC/MBN and DOC/DON compared to no fertilization treatment, and the average rates of decrease were 24.57% and 7.71%. With the increase of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), the MBC and DOC, MBN and DON were the significant (P<0.05) linearly increase. There were the significant positive correlations (P<0.01) between MBC, MBN, DOC, DON, DOC+MBC and DON+MBN. The degree of correlation between different forms of carbon and nitrogen, DOC+MBC and DON+MBN better illustrated the changes of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen pools than DOC, MBC, DON, MBN alone, and they were the more effective indicators for evaluation of soil fertility and quality. The study provided valuable information for improving soil nitrogen supplying capacity, enhancing soil nitrogen fixation, reducing soil nitrogen loss from farmland in Erhai Lake Valley and protecting water quality and safety of Erhai Lake.
