CAJ | 학술논문

坡向对山地森林的空间分布有重要影响，在干旱区尤其如此。天山山地处于西北干旱区，其山地森林的研究过去多集中在南北翼森林的简单对比，而在更详细的中小尺度上，森林沿坡向梯度的连续变化缺乏定量化的分析。以天山北翼中段为研究区，利用1∶5万DEM和SPOT5遥感图像解译，分析山地森林上下限和面积在全坡向的变化规律。结果表明：1．研究区内97．4％的森林分布在海拔1600～2690 m；2．森林上限分布在2691～2790 m，最高值出现在东坡，最低值出现在西南坡，森林上限随坡向变化不明显；森林下限分布在1371～1600 m，最高值出现在西南坡，最低值出现在南坡，森林下限的分布和河谷密切相关；3．森林分布面积在北坡最大，阳坡分布面积非常小，在全坡向范围内呈现“U”型分布，西坡森林面积略大于东坡；但在森林分布的上部（＞2700 m）及下部（＜1600 m），森林面积东坡略高于西坡。
파향대산지삼림적공간분포유중요영향，재간한구우기여차。천산산지처우서북간한구，기산지삼림적연구과거다집중재남북익삼림적간단대비，이재경상세적중소척도상，삼림연파향제도적련속변화결핍정양화적분석。이천산북익중단위연구구，이용1∶5만DEM화SPOT5요감도상해역，분석산지삼림상하한화면적재전파향적변화규률。결과표명：1．연구구내97．4％적삼림분포재해발1600～2690 m；2．삼림상한분포재2691～2790 m，최고치출현재동파，최저치출현재서남파，삼림상한수파향변화불명현；삼림하한분포재1371～1600 m，최고치출현재서남파，최저치출현재남파，삼림하한적분포화하곡밀절상관；3．삼림분포면적재북파최대，양파분포면적비상소，재전파향범위내정현“U”형분포，서파삼림면적략대우동파；단재삼림분포적상부（＞2700 m）급하부（＜1600 m），삼림면적동파략고우서파。
Slope aspect has an important effect on spatial distribution of forest especially in arid areas.Tianshan Mountains are located in drought area in northwest of China and previous studies about Tianshan mountain forests mainly focused on the simple comparison of forests between northern flank and southern flank.However,there is little quantitative analysis on the continuous distribution of mountain forests varying with slope aspects on a small scale in northern flank.This paper explores how the upper and lower limits of altitude and the area of mountain co-niferous forests vary with slope aspect in the northern flank of the central Tianshan Mountains.The spatial informa-tion of mountain coniferous forest and slope aspects are extracted respectively from SPOT5 image and 1∶50 000 DEM.The results are shown as follows:1)97.4%of coniferous forests distribute from 1 600 to 2 690 meters above sea level.2)The upper limits of altitude of mountain coniferous forests vary in elevation between 2 691 m at south-west slope and 2 790 m at east slope and there is no significant exposure effect.The lower limits of altitude of mountain coniferous forests vary in elevation between 1 37 1 m at south slope and 1 600 m at southwest slope and their distributions are affected by valley.3)The forest area has a U shaped pattern along 0°~360°slope aspects. The area of forest on the shady slope is largest while on the sunny slope is smallest.The area of forest on the west-ern slope is larger than on the eastern slope.Notably,there is a difference that the area of upper forest near tree line on the eastern slope is larger than on the western slope.