CAJ | 학술논문

为明确添加腐熟猪粪对猪粪好氧堆肥启动期和高温期微生物数量及酶活性变化规律，探讨微生物影响堆肥温度的机制，揭示影响畜禽粪便堆肥持续高温的主要微生物，该研究比较了猪粪自然堆肥与添加腐熟猪粪(质量分数3%)堆肥过程中有机质降解及嗜温、嗜热微生物数量和脱氢酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶活性变化特征。结果表明，24 h内添加腐熟猪粪堆肥温度比自然堆肥高出5℃，但高温期平均温度较自然堆肥低8℃，高温（＞50℃）期比自然堆肥短4 d。自然堆肥和添加腐熟猪粪堆肥嗜温菌数量先高后低，嗜热菌数量随着温度的升高而上升。添加腐熟猪粪堆肥升温期嗜温、嗜热细菌和纤维素降解菌增殖速度较快，且数量分别比自然堆肥高出12.2%、152.6%、60.3%。添加腐熟猪粪堆肥脱氢酶、纤维素酶活性高峰提前，并使蛋白酶活性增加4.9%。但高温期后，嗜热纤维素降解菌数量比自然堆肥少22.5%，纤维素酶活性及有机质损失率也分别比对照低25.8%、6.1%。以上结果表明，在猪粪高温好氧堆肥中添加腐熟猪粪可以加快堆肥初期升温速度，但由于高温期嗜热纤维素降解菌数量减少，纤维素酶活性降低，不能促进猪粪堆肥持续高温。该研究为猪粪堆肥菌剂的筛选及适宜的接种时间提供依据。
위명학첨가부숙저분대저분호양퇴비계동기화고온기미생물수량급매활성변화규률，탐토미생물영향퇴비온도적궤제，게시영향축금분편퇴비지속고온적주요미생물，해연구비교료저분자연퇴비여첨가부숙저분(질량분수3%)퇴비과정중유궤질강해급기온、기열미생물수량화탈경매、단백매、섬유소매활성변화특정。결과표명，24 h내첨가부숙저분퇴비온도비자연퇴비고출5℃，단고온기평균온도교자연퇴비저8℃，고온（＞50℃）기비자연퇴비단4 d。자연퇴비화첨가부숙저분퇴비기온균수량선고후저，기열균수량수착온도적승고이상승。첨가부숙저분퇴비승온기기온、기열세균화섬유소강해균증식속도교쾌，차수량분별비자연퇴비고출12.2%、152.6%、60.3%。첨가부숙저분퇴비탈경매、섬유소매활성고봉제전，병사단백매활성증가4.9%。단고온기후，기열섬유소강해균수량비자연퇴비소22.5%，섬유소매활성급유궤질손실솔야분별비대조저25.8%、6.1%。이상결과표명，재저분고온호양퇴비중첨가부숙저분가이가쾌퇴비초기승온속도，단유우고온기기열섬유소강해균수량감소，섬유소매활성강저，불능촉진저분퇴비지속고온。해연구위저분퇴비균제적사선급괄의적접충시간제공의거。
Microbial inoculation is often performed to accelerate the process of composting and improve the quality of the compost, but its effect is controversial. The effectiveness of inoculants in composting mainly depends on the properties of the raw material and microorganisms applied. It is therefore important to propose a strategy of inoculation based on the evolution of biochemical and microbiological characteristics at different composting stages. In this study, two composting piles with pig manure (CK) and pig manure inoculated with 3% (w/w) matured compost (T) were composted for a total of 11 days. Various biochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed during the process of composting. The experimental results indicated that windrow temperature in the inoculated pile was 5℃ higher than CK at 24 h of composting (P<0.05). The inoculated pile reached peak temperature six hours earlier than non-inoculated. However, the average temperature of the inoculated pile was 8℃ lower than CK in the thermophilic stage of composting, and the maintenance of high temperature (>50℃) in inoculated pile was four days shorter. The degradation of organic matter, as indicated by the reduction of C/N ratio and the organic matter loss rate, was higher in the inoculated pile in the early composting stage. The dynamic of microbial evolution was similar between the inoculated and non-inoculated. The number of mesophilic microorganisms increased in the initiation phase but decreased in the thermophilic phase of composting, while the number of thermophilic microorganisms in the two piles increased with the increase of the temperature. Inoculation of pig manure compost increased the multiplication rates of mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria and cellulose degradation microorganisms in the initiation phase. Compared with CK, the numbers for mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria and cellulose degradation microorganisms in the inoculated pile were increased by 12.2%, 152.6%, 60.3%, respectively. The peak values of dehydrogenase activity and cellulase activity were brought forward and the protease activity was enhanced by 4.9% in the inoculated pile. However, the populations of thermophilic cellulytic bacteria was 22.5% lower and the cellulose activity as well as the degradation of organic matter was 25.8% and 6.1% lower in the inoculated pile than the control in the thermophilic phase. Above all, compost inoculation was able to accelerate the initiation rate at the early stage of pig manure compost, however, inoculated was neither effective to prolong the thermophilc stage nor increase the peak temperature during composting, because of the decreased number of cellulytic microorganism and cellulose activity in the thermophilic stage. As a result, we proposed that inoculation of thermophilic cellulose decomposition microorganism at the thermophilic stage of the process would be necessary in order to facilitate decomposition of pig manure.