CAJ | 학술논문

从地块尺度探讨农户分化背景下的农户层面居民点用地演变特征及其趋势，为构建农村居民点用地分类调控方向与模式提供依据。以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇古泥村为典型案例，从农户家庭收入、就业职业、就业地点3个方面对农户分化类型进行界定基础上，解析农户地块尺度居民点用地规模、形态、内部功能结构等方面的分异特征。结果表明，农户地块尺度居民点用地规模存在“农业种养殖主导生计类型”农户户均面积最大，“既离土又离乡式非农主导生计类型”农户人均用地面积最大，“离土不离乡式非农主导生计类型”农户户均用地面积和人均用地面积均最小；非农型、农业型农户地块尺度居民点用地斑块空间形态最复杂，就地非农型和农业主导型农户居民点用地斑块空间形态较为简单，且趋于规整的方形；就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋形态更为紧凑和集约，农业型农户房屋形态更为松散和粗放；就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋结构以砖混结构为主，非农型农户土木结构所占比例最大；农户分化对其居民点生产功能占地比例影响不大，农户非农化对其居民点居住功能影响较为显著，即农户非农化程度越高，其居民点居住功能越强；农户层面上居民点服务功能比例偏大是造成户均用地偏大和集约利用水平低下的重要因素，也是未来管制户均用地规模的重要突破口。
종지괴척도탐토농호분화배경하적농호층면거민점용지연변특정급기추세，위구건농촌거민점용지분류조공방향여모식제공의거。이중경시동남현숭감진고니촌위전형안례，종농호가정수입、취업직업、취업지점3개방면대농호분화류형진행계정기출상，해석농호지괴척도거민점용지규모、형태、내부공능결구등방면적분이특정。결과표명，농호지괴척도거민점용지규모존재“농업충양식주도생계류형”농호호균면적최대，“기리토우리향식비농주도생계류형”농호인균용지면적최대，“리토불리향식비농주도생계류형”농호호균용지면적화인균용지면적균최소；비농형、농업형농호지괴척도거민점용지반괴공간형태최복잡，취지비농형화농업주도형농호거민점용지반괴공간형태교위간단，차추우규정적방형；취지비농주도형、농업주도형농호방옥형태경위긴주화집약，농업형농호방옥형태경위송산화조방；취지비농주도형、농업주도형농호방옥결구이전혼결구위주，비농형농호토목결구소점비례최대；농호분화대기거민점생산공능점지비례영향불대，농호비농화대기거민점거주공능영향교위현저，즉농호비농화정도월고，기거민점거주공능월강；농호층면상거민점복무공능비례편대시조성호균용지편대화집약이용수평저하적중요인소，야시미래관제호균용지규모적중요돌파구。
Scientific identification on the differentiate type of rural household and its evolution trend, is an important prerequisite and infrastructure work for the study of rural household's economic behaviors in the new period. Discussing the evolution process and trend of rural residential land at plot scale level under the background of rural household differentiation, can provide the basis for the direction and mode control of rural residential land. This paper took Guni Village, Chongkan Town, Tongnan County in Chongqing as a typical case study, from the 3 aspects of rural household income, employment occupation, and place of employment, and defined the differentiation type of rural household. Rural households in Guni Village had changed from homogenization led by planting and breeding industry to heterogeneity led by planting and breeding industry and non-agricultural technical management which was called rural household differentiation. Rural households in Guni Village were divided into 5 types, which were agricultural type, agriculture dominant type, locally non-agriculture dominant type, different-place non-agriculture dominant type and non-agricultural type. Rural households who were agricultural type and agriculture dominant type were about 56.21%, rural households who were locally non-agriculture dominant type were about 11.51%, and those who were different-place non-agriculture dominant type and non-agricultural type were about 32.28%. According to rural household differentiation and its type division, the interaction between rural household differentiation and rural residential land evolution was analyzed horizontally to understand the characteristics of rural residential land evolution at patch level based on rural residential land scale, form, internal function structure and location condition for different types. Rural households who were dominated by planting and breeding industry had a largest rural residential land per household, rural households who were dominated by non-agricultural industry and left their land and home had a largest rural residential land per capita, while rural households who were dominated by non-agricultural industry and left their lands but still stayed at home had the least rural residential land per household and per capita. Rural residential land used for non-agriculture industry and agriculture industry had the most complex spatial forms, while rural residential land used for locally non-agriculture industry and agriculture dominate industry had comparably simple spatial forms which trended to the regular square shape. House form was more compact and intensive for rural households who were locally non-agriculture industry type and agriculture dominate industry type, while house form was looser and more extensive for peasants who were agriculture type. Rural household differentiation had little influence on the proportion of rural residential land with production function, but the non-agriculture conversion of rural households had a high effect on the residential function of rural residential land. In another word, the higher the degree of non-agriculture, the stronger the residential function of rural residential land. Rural household differentiation type had less significance to the action mode of productive function for newly-added rural residential land, and service function of newly-added rural residential land, which was for non-agriculture dominate livelihood type, will gradually be weakened.