CAJ | 학술논문

为解决目前深松作业机具耕作阻力大、深松深度不稳定、耕作质量不高的问题，该文采用振动减阻原理设计研制了受迫振动深松机。通过分析深松铲的结构和运动过程，建立深松铲的数学模型；确定影响深松牵引阻力的参数；采用正交试验方法得出影响受迫振动参数的最优组合：前进速度2 km/h，振动频率为10 Hz，振动角度为12°。为了验证性能参数最优组合的正确性，开展了受迫振动深松机性能参数检测试验。试验结果表明：振动深松前后，土壤各土层容重均下降，表层土下降达21.74%；在>15～25 cm土层含水率增加16.02%；深松后地表平整，耕深稳定变异系数为7.37%，稳定性系数92.63%，振动深松作业后测得土壤扰动系数为57.11%，土壤蓬松度为36.96%，土壤蓬松度和扰动系数均达测试指标的要求。采用受迫振动能使振动深松机显著降低牵引阻力9.09%，减阻效果明显。该研究对深松机振动特性分析与性能参数设计提供了参考。
위해결목전심송작업궤구경작조력대、심송심도불은정、경작질량불고적문제，해문채용진동감조원리설계연제료수박진동심송궤。통과분석심송산적결구화운동과정，건립심송산적수학모형；학정영향심송견인조력적삼수；채용정교시험방법득출영향수박진동삼수적최우조합：전진속도2 km/h，진동빈솔위10 Hz，진동각도위12°。위료험증성능삼수최우조합적정학성，개전료수박진동심송궤성능삼수검측시험。시험결과표명：진동심송전후，토양각토층용중균하강，표층토하강체21.74%；재>15～25 cm토층함수솔증가16.02%；심송후지표평정，경심은정변이계수위7.37%，은정성계수92.63%，진동심송작업후측득토양우동계수위57.11%，토양봉송도위36.96%，토양봉송도화우동계수균체측시지표적요구。채용수박진동능사진동심송궤현저강저견인조력9.09%，감조효과명현。해연구대심송궤진동특성분석여성능삼수설계제공료삼고。
In order to solve the problem of high traction resistance of the traditional subsoiler, a forced-vibration subsoiler was designed and developed. This paper introduced the structure and described the working principle of this forced-vibration subsoiler. What was more, the motion process of the vibrating deep loosening shovels was analyzed and the motion equation of the shovel point was established. Type of forward velocity, vibration frequency and vibration angle were selected as 3 factors of the orthogonal simulation experiment to evaluate their effects on traction resistance, total power and torque in the soil-bin experiment. The sequence of factors in affecting the traction resistance was vibration frequency > forward velocity> vibration angle. The traction resistance was reported to increase consistently with the increasing of forward velocity. The sequence of factors in affecting the total power was forward velocity > vibration frequency > vibration angle, and the total power values firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of vibration frequency while the total power values firstly decreased and then increased with the increasing of vibration angle. The sequence of factors in affecting the torque was vibration frequency > forward velocity > vibration angle, and the torque values firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of forward velocity while the torque values consistently increased with the increasing of vibration frequency. The optimal combination of the performance parameters was the forward velocity of 2 km/h, the vibration frequency of 10Hz and the vibration angle of 12°. For further validating the rationality of optimal combination of parameters, the test on working performance of the forced-vibration subsoiler was carried out in the experimental field, and soil properties (bulk density and water content), soil bulkiness, soil disturbance coefficient and traction resistance were selected as the evaluation indicators to compare with non-vibration subsoiler. The results showed that the bulk density of all soil layer decreased after forced-vibration sub-soiling and that at 0-15 cm soil layer decreased by 21.74%. At the same time, the water content at 15-25 cm increased by 16.02%. The variation coefficient and stability coefficient of sub-soiling depth, which were the indicators to the change quantity and degree, were 7.37% and 92.63% respectively. Meanwhile, the variation coefficient and stability coefficient of the depth reached the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the land surface was smooth and flat after sub-soiling. Moreover, soil disturbance coefficient was 57.11% after subsoiling and soil bulkiness was 36.96%. Both soil bulkiness and disturbance coefficient reached the requirements of the test indicators. In addition, the traction resistance was reduced by 9.09% compared with non-vibrating subsoiler, so the effect of reducing traction resistance was obvious. These results provide a reference for further optimization of the mechanical structure and improving dynamic and economic performance of the whole machine.