CAJ | 학술논문

为了实现棉秆皮纤维在纺纱上的应用,该文在150℃以上的温度下用质量分数为4%的碱从棉秆皮中提取了纤维,测定了温度和时间对棉秆皮纤维细度、木质素质量分数及力学性能的影响.将棉秆皮纤维与棉按质量比 30/70 的比例进行混纺,研究了木质素的质量分数对混纺纱性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和时间的延长,棉秆皮纤维的细度和木质素质量分数逐渐下降.但是,当温度升高至170℃后,棉秆皮纤维的断裂强度迅速降低.160℃、60 min提取的纤维性能较理想:纤维细度28.3 dtex、木质素质量分数4.5%、断裂强度1.8 cN/dtex、杨氏模量46 cN/dtex.与闪爆及常压碱处理等方法相比,高温方法提取的纤维木质素质量分数低60%以上.棉秆皮纤维的木质素质量分数从5.5%降至4.5%后,混纺纱的条干变异系数和毛羽指数分别降低了75.1%和29.6%,而断裂强度和伸长率分别提高了11.1%和9.8%.高温提取的棉秆皮纤维可纺出细度为22.4 tex、断裂强度为12.0 cN/tex的纱线.
위료실현면간피섬유재방사상적응용,해문재150℃이상적온도하용질량분수위4%적감종면간피중제취료섬유,측정료온도화시간대면간피섬유세도、목질소질량분수급역학성능적영향.장면간피섬유여면안질량비 30/70 적비례진행혼방,연구료목질소적질량분수대혼방사성능적영향.결과표명:수착온도적승고화시간적연장,면간피섬유적세도화목질소질량분수축점하강.단시,당온도승고지170℃후,면간피섬유적단렬강도신속강저.160℃、60 min제취적섬유성능교이상:섬유세도28.3 dtex、목질소질량분수4.5%、단렬강도1.8 cN/dtex、양씨모량46 cN/dtex.여섬폭급상압감처리등방법상비,고온방법제취적섬유목질소질량분수저60%이상.면간피섬유적목질소질량분수종5.5%강지4.5%후,혼방사적조간변이계수화모우지수분별강저료75.1%화29.6%,이단렬강도화신장솔분별제고료11.1%화9.8%.고온제취적면간피섬유가방출세도위22.4 tex、단렬강도위12.0 cN/tex적사선.
Fibers with lignin content of 4.5% and fineness of 28.3 dtex were extracted from bark of cotton stalks using 4% alkali at 160℃ for spinning application. Bark of cotton stalks, with cellulose content of 40%, is a copious and inexpensive source for natural fibers. However, cotton stalk fibers extracted using conventional method, such as alkali, steam explosion or H2O2, had too coarse fineness (>45 dtex) or too high lignin content (>11.8%), which rendered them to be made into high quality yarns. In this research, bark of cotton stalks was treated by 4% alkali at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃, respectively. Time of alkali treatment was regulated to achieve fibers with good fineness and proper breaking strength for spinning application. Effects of alkali conditions on the dimension, composition, tensile property and crystalline structure of cotton stalk fibers were investigated. The results showed that fineness of cotton stalk fibers decreased gradually with the increase of time. However, excessively long time would cause drastic decrease in fiber length and bark of cotton stalks was even completely disintegrated into paste. Fibers extracted at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃ had the best fineness of 30.8, 28.3 and 28.1 dtex, respectively. Increasing time reduced the lignin content of cotton stalk fibers. Fibers extracted at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃ had the lowest lignin content of 5.1%, 4.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Moreover, the increase in the time and temperature also caused a drastic decrease in breaking strength and Young's modulus. Fibers extracted at temperature 160℃ had breaking strength of 1.8 cN/dtex whereas breaking strength of fibers extracted at temperature 170℃ decreased to only 1.4 cN/dtex. Therefore, fibers extracted by 4% alkali at 160℃ with time of 60 min had the best properties, including fineness of 28.3 dtex, length of 39 mm, lignin content of 4.5% and Young's modulus of 46 cN/dtex. All fibers in this research had crystalline structure of type I, indicating that alkali treatment did not change the crystalline structure of cellulose in cotton stalk fibers. Compared to the best cotton stalk fibers in references, fibers in this research had similar fineness but lower Young's modulus, which was due to more thorough removal of lignin at temperature of 160℃. Cotton stalk fibers with lignin content of 4.5% and 5.5% could be spun into yarns with fineness of 22.4 tex. When lignin content of cotton stalk fibers was decreased from 5.5% to 4.5%, unevenness and hairiness index of blended yarns were lowered by 75.1% and 29.6%, respectively, but breaking strength and breaking elongation increased by 11.1% and 9.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of blended yarns also showed that fibers with lower lignin content could be spun into yarns with better structure. Fineness of yarns in this research was 68% lower but breaking strength was 93.5% higher than that in references, respectively. Overall, cotton stalk fibers extracted at 160℃ are characterized with low lignin content and low Young's modulus, which endow them a good potential to be used for making high quality yarns.