CAJ | 학술논문

农田长期覆膜种植产生的大量地膜对农田土壤质量、作物生长及环境造成严重的影响,为解决这一问题,于 2014年3月至2014年10月在新疆库尔勒尉犁县达西村开展大田试验,对比不同厚度、不同时间及不同位置地膜拉伸性能的变化规律,并针对0.01 mm地膜进行缠绕式回收试验.结果表明:地膜铺放后的30~60 d期间,由于受到风和紫外线照射等因素,拉伸强度有明显的下降,下降幅度较大;当地膜回收的时候,0.01 mm地膜最大拉伸力在近株端和远株端分别为1.52 N和1.305 N,是0.008 mm地膜的1.4倍和1.22倍.显然0.01 mm地膜的拉伸性能较0.008 mm拉伸性能有了一定的提升,这对地膜回收有一定的积极作用,但是经过理论计算及田间试验0.01 mm地膜的拉伸性能还是不足以采用简单缠绕的方式进行回收.本研究揭示了地膜拉伸性能在不同时间、不同厚度及不同位置受到紫外线等影响的变化规律,为地膜回收机的研制提供了理论依据.
농전장기복막충식산생적대량지막대농전토양질량、작물생장급배경조성엄중적영향,위해결저일문제,우 2014년3월지2014년10월재신강고이륵위리현체서촌개전대전시험,대비불동후도、불동시간급불동위치지막랍신성능적변화규률,병침대0.01 mm지막진행전요식회수시험.결과표명:지막포방후적30~60 d기간,유우수도풍화자외선조사등인소,랍신강도유명현적하강,하강폭도교대;당지막회수적시후,0.01 mm지막최대랍신력재근주단화원주단분별위1.52 N화1.305 N,시0.008 mm지막적1.4배화1.22배.현연0.01 mm지막적랍신성능교0.008 mm랍신성능유료일정적제승,저대지막회수유일정적적겁작용,단시경과이론계산급전간시험0.01 mm지막적랍신성능환시불족이채용간단전요적방식진행회수.본연구게시료지막랍신성능재불동시간、불동후도급불동위치수도자외선등영향적변화규률,위지막회수궤적연제제공료이론의거.
Plastic mulching technology has brought huge economic benefits, while the residual plastic film produced series of serious problems such as pollution on land. A large number of plastic recycling is becoming urgent and important task in our country. A large amount and long term of used plastic film on soil has caused great serious influence on the high quality of farmland planting, crop growth, the rural ecological environment and new rural construction, which has attracted more and more attention. Now, the research on the recovery mechanism is limited to equipment of plastic film enwinding recycling, and there are few studies on the variation rule of the tensile properties of used plastic film and the impact. During our practical research work, performance such as unstable recycling capability, low film recovery rate and work parts deformation often appears in the used plastic film recycling. To address these problems, we carried out some field experiments. The series tests were conducted in Da West village, YuLi County in Korla, Xinjiang from March to October in 2014, including the test of tensile properties of plastic film changes in different thickness, time and direction by 0.01 mm plastic film enwinding recycling. The methods were as follows: Firstly, each sampling point, which are not very far with previous sampling point, were carried on hard, dry and flat land, and taken complete plastic film without damage. The sampling work should be conducted on the large space line, and the sampling point be as close as to the plants. Four plastic films with different thickness were selected with the width and length were 600 mm and 200 mm respectively. The tensile properties of plastic films were tested with CMT6000 electronic universal testing machine. Secondly, three-dimensional modeling and motion analysis were completed for the machine of retrieving by solid works software. According to the measure of maximum tensile force with payback time, the tensile force was contrasted with the sum of ground and slope in wrapping recovery. The result showed that the maximum tensile force was less than the twine. Finally, the recycling test was carried out with wrapping in 0.01 mm film, but the film fractured from time to time. The wrapping recovery could not meet the demand of 0.001 mm film. The results of field experiments showed that the tensile strength of used plastic film had dropped obviously for the wind and ultraviolet irradiation after 30 to 60 days laying the plastic film. The maximum tensile stress of 0.01 mm plastic film was 1.52 N, which was close to the plants and 1.305 N, which was far from the plants; and the stress was 1.4 times and 1.22 times of 0.008 mm plastic film, respectively. The maximum tensile strength of mulch film on the longitudinal direction was generally higher about 1/3 than the transverse direction of the mulch film. So the recycling aparts should be along the direction of laying the plastic film. The tensile properties of 0.01 mm plastic film had made a certain improvement compared to 0.008 mm, which were some helpful for plastic film recycling. However, by the theoretical calculation and field test of the experiment on 0.01 mm plastic film enwinding recycling, the tensile properties of 0.01 mm plastic film were not satisfied with simple winding way. This study revealed the rule that the plastic tensile properties were affected by UV, etc. at different times, thickness and direction, which would provide theory basis for the development of the plastic film recycling machine.