CAJ | 학술논문

灌区墒情实时监测是现代灌区灌溉管理中的必要部分和基础工作.该文设计了一种利用微功耗处理器的墒情监测仪,仅用2节1号干电池供电,结合GPRS(general packet radio service)数据传输至网络服务器处理分析,从而实现了区域分布式的墒情监测.本系统设计装载4层土壤水分/温度传感器和1层水势传感器,根据灌溉管理需要布设在作物根区不同深度;利用微处理器和设计电路进行土壤墒情等参数的采集、存储、传输和控制,每小时采集1次数据、每日将数据发送至网络服务器.通过在灌区不同区域典型作物生育期内实际运行1 a结果表明,该系统采用干电池或锂离子电池供电,体积小而便于在田间布设,不影响农田耕作,方便经济;监测数据能够及时传送至网络服务器以进行结果处理和灌溉管理.该文同时也对系统特点进行了总结,并指出对该系统进一步改进和研发方向.
관구상정실시감측시현대관구관개관리중적필요부분화기출공작.해문설계료일충이용미공모처리기적상정감측의,부용2절1호간전지공전,결합GPRS(general packet radio service)수거전수지망락복무기처리분석,종이실현료구역분포식적상정감측.본계통설계장재4층토양수분/온도전감기화1층수세전감기,근거관개관리수요포설재작물근구불동심도;이용미처리기화설계전로진행토양상정등삼수적채집、존저、전수화공제,매소시채집1차수거、매일장수거발송지망락복무기.통과재관구불동구역전형작물생육기내실제운행1 a결과표명,해계통채용간전지혹리리자전지공전,체적소이편우재전간포설,불영향농전경작,방편경제;감측수거능구급시전송지망락복무기이진행결과처리화관개관리.해문동시야대계통특점진행료총결,병지출대해계통진일보개진화연발방향.
It is a very important and fundamental work to monitor soil water status in real time for irrigation management in modern irrigation district. This paper presented a system with low cost and low power dissipation to monitor soil water status for areal irrigation management. The instrument of soil water monitoring contains a microcontroller-based system and is powered by 1# dry cell. All of the measurement data would be sent to web server through GPRS (general packet radio services) chipset assembled in it, for analysis and use in irrigation management based on each point of distributed framework. There were 4 sets of soil water content and temperature sensors and 1 set of water potential sensor designed, which could be installed at different depth in the crop root zone to meet the demand of irrigation management. However, it could be configured with less or more sensors in the system according to the channel values of the data acquisition unit, if there was a demand in the field investigation. This process had an advantage to assess the soil moisture more accurately. The microcontroller-based system and designed circuit had the responsibility to collect/log/transfer/control the data of soil water content, temperature and water potential once every 1 h. It was a very low-power dissipation system because the center processor supported energy to each unit when it needed. The interval of data collecting could be scheduled from 30 min to 24 h if necessary. All of the daily data would be transferred to the web server and the user's E-mailbox to check out or analyze. Users could receive the alarm information if the monitoring system had errors or was out of gear. They could configure the data logger near the monitoring system in wireless network, or through the internet server using GPRS technology. The designed system was installed in the whole crop growth season in 2014 in Jiefangzha Irrigation Area, Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. The 10 sets of real-time soil water monitoring systems were set up in the fields of main crops (sunflower, maize, wheat and vegetable) with a good spatial arrangement, respectively. After one-year operation, the system made a good performance in soil water status data collecting/logging/transformation. The result analyses showed that they could reflect the soil water content change directly and support the irrigation decision-making in areal scale. At the same time, the soil temperature and water potential data had very good behavior as well. The soil water monitoring instrument had a small enough size to set up in field, avoiding the impact to field farming and unnecessary damage. The power supply was from 2 pieces of 1# dry cell or Li-ion battery, which also had a very small volume. These features could offer the guarantee to apply them in rural area and have a long enough execution time to finish the task. Meanwhile, it could conclude the characteristics of this system and next steps of the research and development in relative research field. For the system itself, the rapid assembling and the watertight performance are the key improvement in the near future. Moreover, how to determine the reasonable monitoring value and lay out the scheme of the system combined with the remote sensing data, is the research interest and hot issue for crop water requirement forecasting.